Medical Transcriptions in the past would listen to dictations and type it themselves, but with voice recognition software this has become mostly unnecessary. Today the medical transcriptions usually just edit the output of the software which can range from a few corrections to major changes, because voice recognition software still has not been perfected.
The purpose of medical transcription and the medical transcriptions remains the same as it was in earlier times, to keep a record of a patient's medical status and treatment. Ancient medical transcription has been noted as writing on ancient cave walls and in documents of not until the late twentieth century was Medical Transcription recognized as a profession.
Medical Transcription were given menial labels such as typists, medical secretaries, dictating machine operator orssors.those who practice medical transcription, this was and is a highly unjustified job title since the profession requires a wide knowledge of highly technical medical terms.
Thus Medical Transcription was assigned its own job classification and those practicing it were officially called Medical Transcriptions. Health care staffs do not have the time to write every single bit of information they gather from patients.
The profession of Medical Transcription is very versatile as well. After a few years of education, Medical Transcriptions discussion of medical transcription equipment should begin with the most important but often overlooked asset the human brain. The machines used in medical transcription today are simple devices, and without human knowledge and intervention, machines are basically useless. The transcriptions are the brain of the machine.
Wednesday, December 24, 2008
Data Entry
Based in India offers a wide range of back office and Information Technology Enabled Services namely data entry, data processing and data conversion that are equivalent to global standards in terms of efficiency and accuracy. In the modern world data entry is the fundamental and most indispensable internal function of every business firms, organizations and service providers.
It is an exceptionally vital area of expertise that helps boost the performance standard and comp is a noted solution provider for exclusive and highly accurate data entry and processing services. The services offered by Data Entry India turns out to be advantageous in several ways as it increases the tempo of your business activities quickly, saves time, saves money and presents you with many other competitive advantages.
Outsourcing your complex and diverse database entry requirements to us can be a feasible option as far as cost effectiveness and quality Today, Data Entry Service furnish quality Data Processing Service, Data Conversion Service and Web Research Service for Projects within a reasonable period of time with Accuracy.
The experienced professionals at who possess various skill sets and well recognized Information technology skills have a reputation of successfully handling numerous projects from clients worldwide from data entry companies in India. Work with a diverse set of clients in a wide variety of industries including retail, finance, lodging, real estate and many others. Specialize in helping companies expand and increase profitability.
Outsource Data Entry Services utilizes advanced technologies to convert large quantities of paper and image-based forms to electronic data usable in database and document management systems. Paper is becoming obsolete and online is the in thing now. Data Entry Services India has an extremely efficient fast connection via the Internet for outsourcing requirements.
It is an exceptionally vital area of expertise that helps boost the performance standard and comp is a noted solution provider for exclusive and highly accurate data entry and processing services. The services offered by Data Entry India turns out to be advantageous in several ways as it increases the tempo of your business activities quickly, saves time, saves money and presents you with many other competitive advantages.
Outsourcing your complex and diverse database entry requirements to us can be a feasible option as far as cost effectiveness and quality Today, Data Entry Service furnish quality Data Processing Service, Data Conversion Service and Web Research Service for Projects within a reasonable period of time with Accuracy.
The experienced professionals at who possess various skill sets and well recognized Information technology skills have a reputation of successfully handling numerous projects from clients worldwide from data entry companies in India. Work with a diverse set of clients in a wide variety of industries including retail, finance, lodging, real estate and many others. Specialize in helping companies expand and increase profitability.
Outsource Data Entry Services utilizes advanced technologies to convert large quantities of paper and image-based forms to electronic data usable in database and document management systems. Paper is becoming obsolete and online is the in thing now. Data Entry Services India has an extremely efficient fast connection via the Internet for outsourcing requirements.
Horticultural Consultant
Horticultural consultants support a wide range of businesses and public sector organizations in the successful development of their products and resources. The role may involve business consultancy or technical consultancy (in areas such as crop management, or for public amenities).The consultant researches the issue in question in order to identify practical solutions and advise the client.
Clients may include: farmers; commercial growers specializing in protected and field crops or flowers; plant and tree nurseries; and leisure and conservation organizations or public bodies involved in the restoration, operation and maintenance of parks, botanical and public gardens, and other public spaces.
A horticultural consultant may be a business specialist, experienced in the business problems of the horticultural industry, or a technical specialist, focusing on commercial or amenity horticulture. There is an increasing emphasis on considering the environmental aspects of horticulture and technology transfer, such as sustainability, and on quality assurance in the growing of crops and plants.
Typical activities include: visiting horticultural clients on site, identifying their business or technical problems and investigating causes, analysing yields and the financial returns of existing commercial horticultural operations, preparing new or modified operational strategies and business plans, analysing horticultural and operational costs and the benefits resulting from existing or proposed public amenities and leisure locations.
Conducting environmental assessments, visiting historical sites, researching old plans and documents, and planning restoration programmes, designing layouts and planning planting programmers for ornamental gardens or tree planting programmes with local authority officers, designing produce supply chain systems and supporting the infrastructure for processing, storage and transport formulating solutions, and planning and organizing trials to assess their effectiveness.
Organizing presentations, technical visits and demonstrations, helping clients meet the requirements of legislation, including UK, EC and international regulations concerning quality, hygiene and employment, providing expert opinion for planning appeals and litigation, communicating, both orally and in writing, with clients, colleagues and professional groups, through briefings, technical and operational reports and presentations.
Writing advisory leaflets, specifications and technical manuals, marketing the consultancy and carrying out essential administration, including records, budgets and accounts, keeping up to date in specialist areas and with developments in land-based sectors.
Clients may include: farmers; commercial growers specializing in protected and field crops or flowers; plant and tree nurseries; and leisure and conservation organizations or public bodies involved in the restoration, operation and maintenance of parks, botanical and public gardens, and other public spaces.
A horticultural consultant may be a business specialist, experienced in the business problems of the horticultural industry, or a technical specialist, focusing on commercial or amenity horticulture. There is an increasing emphasis on considering the environmental aspects of horticulture and technology transfer, such as sustainability, and on quality assurance in the growing of crops and plants.
Typical activities include: visiting horticultural clients on site, identifying their business or technical problems and investigating causes, analysing yields and the financial returns of existing commercial horticultural operations, preparing new or modified operational strategies and business plans, analysing horticultural and operational costs and the benefits resulting from existing or proposed public amenities and leisure locations.
Conducting environmental assessments, visiting historical sites, researching old plans and documents, and planning restoration programmes, designing layouts and planning planting programmers for ornamental gardens or tree planting programmes with local authority officers, designing produce supply chain systems and supporting the infrastructure for processing, storage and transport formulating solutions, and planning and organizing trials to assess their effectiveness.
Organizing presentations, technical visits and demonstrations, helping clients meet the requirements of legislation, including UK, EC and international regulations concerning quality, hygiene and employment, providing expert opinion for planning appeals and litigation, communicating, both orally and in writing, with clients, colleagues and professional groups, through briefings, technical and operational reports and presentations.
Writing advisory leaflets, specifications and technical manuals, marketing the consultancy and carrying out essential administration, including records, budgets and accounts, keeping up to date in specialist areas and with developments in land-based sectors.
Statistician
Statisticians are concerned with the collection, analysis, interpretation and presentation of quantitative information. They work in a range of sectors including health, education, government, finance, the environment, transportation, market research as well as throughout industry, business and commerce.
Statisticians design and manage experiments and surveys. They deal with the initial collection of data. They process and analyze the data in context, looking for patterns to help make decisions. They advise on findings and recommend strategy.
Statisticians often work in teams, usually including professionals from other disciplines. Strong analytical and IT skills are essential, as are interpersonal and communication skills in order to share findings with colleagues and clients. Below is a list of typical work activities undertaken by statisticians as well as specific examples of tasks from different job sectors. Statisticians carry out some or all of the following activities.
Statisticians agree with clients about what data to collect and how it should be gathered - taking into account any ethical and legislative considerations. Examples might include: designing experiments to improve the quality of new products, designing surveys and conducting focus groups to gather consumer feedback, designing experiments to assess the effects of drugs and associated side effects.
Statisticians collect data personally or explain to others how to do it. Examples might include: monitoring levels of air pollution, measuring the toxicity of food additives, checking quality control standards in industry.
Statisticians analyze data, interpret results and indicate the reliability of findings with the aid of mathematical techniques and software. Examples might include: forecasting trends for pension providers, monitoring, reporting and modeling disease outbreaks, evaluating the impact of government policy and reporting to the wider community, predicting demand for products and services.
Statisticians interpret and communicate results to clients ensuring that complex statistical concepts are explained in a way they can understand and advice on strategy. Examples might include: providing projections of future student numbers allowing for changes in the birth rate and assessing the number of teachers that will be needed in the sector, recommending whether folic acid should be included in bread production.
Statisticians design and manage experiments and surveys. They deal with the initial collection of data. They process and analyze the data in context, looking for patterns to help make decisions. They advise on findings and recommend strategy.
Statisticians often work in teams, usually including professionals from other disciplines. Strong analytical and IT skills are essential, as are interpersonal and communication skills in order to share findings with colleagues and clients. Below is a list of typical work activities undertaken by statisticians as well as specific examples of tasks from different job sectors. Statisticians carry out some or all of the following activities.
Statisticians agree with clients about what data to collect and how it should be gathered - taking into account any ethical and legislative considerations. Examples might include: designing experiments to improve the quality of new products, designing surveys and conducting focus groups to gather consumer feedback, designing experiments to assess the effects of drugs and associated side effects.
Statisticians collect data personally or explain to others how to do it. Examples might include: monitoring levels of air pollution, measuring the toxicity of food additives, checking quality control standards in industry.
Statisticians analyze data, interpret results and indicate the reliability of findings with the aid of mathematical techniques and software. Examples might include: forecasting trends for pension providers, monitoring, reporting and modeling disease outbreaks, evaluating the impact of government policy and reporting to the wider community, predicting demand for products and services.
Statisticians interpret and communicate results to clients ensuring that complex statistical concepts are explained in a way they can understand and advice on strategy. Examples might include: providing projections of future student numbers allowing for changes in the birth rate and assessing the number of teachers that will be needed in the sector, recommending whether folic acid should be included in bread production.
Clothing Technologist
A clothing/textile technologist carries out a range of technical, investigative and quality control work on clothing and textiles, ensuring that products perform to specifications. Technologists work on the development of products, improve production efficiency and quality, and liaise with those involved in the production process.
The textile and clothing industries are inextricably linked, starting with the production of fibers, yarns and fabrics, and ending with the sale of finished products, which are mainly clothing but also include household and industrial textiles. The UK has a reputation for high value and innovation in fashion, design and the application of information technology.
Technologists in smaller organizations are usually responsible for both clothing or garments and textiles, but in some large companies, these functions are split. Clothing/garment technologists are involved in all aspects of garment construction and are expected to keep up to date with technical innovations.
They work with a wide range of materials, including natural and synthetic textiles, leather, fur, metals and plastics. Their main responsibilities are to minimize risk, assure quality, support product development and develop supplier relationships. Tasks typically include: liaising with designers, and adapting designs to suit production methods.
Textile technologists are responsible for: developing man-made fibers and the quality assessment of natural fibres,spinning fibers into yarn, and knitting or weaving yarn into fabrics, producing non-woven materials, identifying the latest fabric trends, developments and innovations, overseeing the dyeing, printing and finishing processes.
Ensuring quality in areas such as strength, durability, colorfastness, and water and chemical resistance, advising commercial colleagues on technical aspects of the business, working closely with suppliers and customers.
Some technologists specialize in research and product development, and may: undertake research to find new ways of using yarns, develop chemicals that may be added to fabrics to make them more waterproof, flame-resistant or shrink-resistant, experiment with textiles to improve their look, feel, texture and durability.
The textile and clothing industries are inextricably linked, starting with the production of fibers, yarns and fabrics, and ending with the sale of finished products, which are mainly clothing but also include household and industrial textiles. The UK has a reputation for high value and innovation in fashion, design and the application of information technology.
Technologists in smaller organizations are usually responsible for both clothing or garments and textiles, but in some large companies, these functions are split. Clothing/garment technologists are involved in all aspects of garment construction and are expected to keep up to date with technical innovations.
They work with a wide range of materials, including natural and synthetic textiles, leather, fur, metals and plastics. Their main responsibilities are to minimize risk, assure quality, support product development and develop supplier relationships. Tasks typically include: liaising with designers, and adapting designs to suit production methods.
Textile technologists are responsible for: developing man-made fibers and the quality assessment of natural fibres,spinning fibers into yarn, and knitting or weaving yarn into fabrics, producing non-woven materials, identifying the latest fabric trends, developments and innovations, overseeing the dyeing, printing and finishing processes.
Ensuring quality in areas such as strength, durability, colorfastness, and water and chemical resistance, advising commercial colleagues on technical aspects of the business, working closely with suppliers and customers.
Some technologists specialize in research and product development, and may: undertake research to find new ways of using yarns, develop chemicals that may be added to fabrics to make them more waterproof, flame-resistant or shrink-resistant, experiment with textiles to improve their look, feel, texture and durability.
Production Manager
A production manager is involved with the planning, coordination and control of industrial processes.
A production manager ensures that goods and services are produced efficiently; that they are of the right quality, quantity, and cost; and that they are produced on time, to the satisfaction of the customer, at the right price. The scope of the job depends on the nature of the production system: jobbing production, mass production, process production, or batch production.
Many companies are involved in several types of production, adding to the complexity of the job. Most production managers are responsible for both human and material resources.
The exact nature of the work will depend on the size of the employing organization. However, tasks typically involve: overseeing the production process, drawing up a production schedule, ensuring that the production is cost effective;, making sure that products are produced on time and are of good quality, working out the human and material resources needed, drafting a timescale for the job.
Monitoring the production processes and adjusting schedules as needed, being responsible for the selection and maintenance of equipment, monitoring product standards and implementing quality-control programmes, liaising among different departments, e.g. suppliers, managers, supervising and motivating a team of workers, reviewing the performance of subordinates, identifying training needs.
A production manager is involved in both the pre-production (planning) stage as well as the production (control and supervision) stage. A large part of production management involves dealing with people, particularly those who work in your team.
Production managers are also involved with product design and purchasing. In a small firm you may have to make many of the decisions yourself, but in larger organization planners, controllers, production engineers and production supervisors will assist you.
In progressive firms, the production manager's role tends to be more closely integrated with other functions, such as marketing, sales and finance.
A production manager ensures that goods and services are produced efficiently; that they are of the right quality, quantity, and cost; and that they are produced on time, to the satisfaction of the customer, at the right price. The scope of the job depends on the nature of the production system: jobbing production, mass production, process production, or batch production.
Many companies are involved in several types of production, adding to the complexity of the job. Most production managers are responsible for both human and material resources.
The exact nature of the work will depend on the size of the employing organization. However, tasks typically involve: overseeing the production process, drawing up a production schedule, ensuring that the production is cost effective;, making sure that products are produced on time and are of good quality, working out the human and material resources needed, drafting a timescale for the job.
Monitoring the production processes and adjusting schedules as needed, being responsible for the selection and maintenance of equipment, monitoring product standards and implementing quality-control programmes, liaising among different departments, e.g. suppliers, managers, supervising and motivating a team of workers, reviewing the performance of subordinates, identifying training needs.
A production manager is involved in both the pre-production (planning) stage as well as the production (control and supervision) stage. A large part of production management involves dealing with people, particularly those who work in your team.
Production managers are also involved with product design and purchasing. In a small firm you may have to make many of the decisions yourself, but in larger organization planners, controllers, production engineers and production supervisors will assist you.
In progressive firms, the production manager's role tends to be more closely integrated with other functions, such as marketing, sales and finance.
Research Scientist (physical sciences)
Physical scientists (from backgrounds including chemistry, physics, mathematics, materials science and the geosciences) develop an understanding of materials and processes by gathering information and generating knowledge through both theoretical and experimental research.
The work is often divided: pure research, conducted for interest or to improve understanding without an additional purpose; and applied research, which contributes to the development of a commercially exploitable product.
Academic research is increasingly collaborative across all scientific fields and the interdisciplinary nature of scientific research means that much of the work involves spending a significant amount of time working on joint projects.
The exact nature of the work depends on whether you work in industry or in an academic research setting, but in either case the work is usually laboratory-based and typical tasks include: planning and conducting experiments to investigate and analyze scientific phenomena, extrapolating data to develop theories to explain those phenomena.
Simulating problems in laboratories and finding solutions by applying new scientific methods (the design and execution of experiments that provide meaningful data are common challenges),arranging the testing of products or materials to ensure that they meet quality standards, writing up results in reports and/or scientific papers, in industry, ensuring that the large-scale manufacture of new products and materials can be carried out without problems.
All physical scientists must be aware of relevant developments made by other researchers. This may involve keeping up to date through web-based research, reading specialist literature and attending scientific presentations and discussions. You will also need to disseminate any new findings at departmental meetings and national and international conferences, and by writing papers for peer-reviewed scientific journals.
If you work in industrial research and development, you will probably be allocated specific projects. In smaller organizations, you may be involved in all stages of production, from concept to delivery to the customer.
The work is often divided: pure research, conducted for interest or to improve understanding without an additional purpose; and applied research, which contributes to the development of a commercially exploitable product.
Academic research is increasingly collaborative across all scientific fields and the interdisciplinary nature of scientific research means that much of the work involves spending a significant amount of time working on joint projects.
The exact nature of the work depends on whether you work in industry or in an academic research setting, but in either case the work is usually laboratory-based and typical tasks include: planning and conducting experiments to investigate and analyze scientific phenomena, extrapolating data to develop theories to explain those phenomena.
Simulating problems in laboratories and finding solutions by applying new scientific methods (the design and execution of experiments that provide meaningful data are common challenges),arranging the testing of products or materials to ensure that they meet quality standards, writing up results in reports and/or scientific papers, in industry, ensuring that the large-scale manufacture of new products and materials can be carried out without problems.
All physical scientists must be aware of relevant developments made by other researchers. This may involve keeping up to date through web-based research, reading specialist literature and attending scientific presentations and discussions. You will also need to disseminate any new findings at departmental meetings and national and international conferences, and by writing papers for peer-reviewed scientific journals.
If you work in industrial research and development, you will probably be allocated specific projects. In smaller organizations, you may be involved in all stages of production, from concept to delivery to the customer.
Scientific Laboratory Technician
Scientific laboratory technicians are responsible for laboratory-based tasks, which include sampling, testing, measuring, recording and analyzing results in biological, chemical, physical and life sciences. They also provide all the required technical support to enable the laboratory to function effectively, whilst adhering to correct procedures and health and safety guidelines.
Scientific laboratory technicians carry out fundamental tests as part of a scientific team. These tests assist in the advancement and development of modern medicine and science. The work plays an important role in the foundation stages of research and development (R&D) and in scientific analysis and investigation.
The main function of a scientific laboratory technician is to perform the specific scientific procedures that allow scientists to perform the more complex analytical processes of the laboratory. Tasks typically involve: carrying out routine tasks accurately, performing a limited number of repetitive laboratory tests in order to produce reliable and precise data to support scientific investigations, following strict methodology to carry out analyses.
Preparing specimens and samples, constructing, maintaining and operating standard laboratory equipment, for example centrifuges, titrates, pupating machines and pH meters, ensuring the laboratory is well stocked and resourced, recording and sometimes interpreting results to present to senior colleagues.
Demonstrating procedures if working in education, conducting searches on identified topics relevant to the research, following strict safety procedures and safety checks, using computers and performing mathematical calculations for the preparation of graphs.
The actual nature of the work will depend upon the organization. For example: within a local authority environmental health department, the work may involve analyzing food samples to consider prosecution and to protect public health, within the water industry, the work will mainly focus on the collection and analysis of water samples.
Scientific laboratory technicians carry out fundamental tests as part of a scientific team. These tests assist in the advancement and development of modern medicine and science. The work plays an important role in the foundation stages of research and development (R&D) and in scientific analysis and investigation.
The main function of a scientific laboratory technician is to perform the specific scientific procedures that allow scientists to perform the more complex analytical processes of the laboratory. Tasks typically involve: carrying out routine tasks accurately, performing a limited number of repetitive laboratory tests in order to produce reliable and precise data to support scientific investigations, following strict methodology to carry out analyses.
Preparing specimens and samples, constructing, maintaining and operating standard laboratory equipment, for example centrifuges, titrates, pupating machines and pH meters, ensuring the laboratory is well stocked and resourced, recording and sometimes interpreting results to present to senior colleagues.
Demonstrating procedures if working in education, conducting searches on identified topics relevant to the research, following strict safety procedures and safety checks, using computers and performing mathematical calculations for the preparation of graphs.
The actual nature of the work will depend upon the organization. For example: within a local authority environmental health department, the work may involve analyzing food samples to consider prosecution and to protect public health, within the water industry, the work will mainly focus on the collection and analysis of water samples.
Pensions Advisor
Pension’s advisers provide advice and information on pension’s provision for individuals and organizations. This can include both potential new customers and existing customers. Pension’s advisers may work for large financial services companies, organizations with their own pension’s provision, pensions providers within the public sector or specialist pensions consultancies.
Supporting individuals and organizations to provide for their future financial security requires a combination of excellent interpersonal skills, good numeracy skills, up-to-date knowledge of the financial services sector and an understanding of pension’s legislation.
The role also demands a good understanding of: investments, tax, the social security system. Specific activities will vary according to the role, differing, for example, between jobs in the public sector and those in the private sector. There will also be differences if a job has a sales focus or is more focused on providing advice for existing customers.
The latter may want to amend their pension provision or they may be near to retirement or already in receipt of a pension. Pension’s consultants offer pensions provision to other organizations and advise, therefore, on the best form of pensions provision for the organization as a whole to provide to their employees.
Tasks may typically involve: advising members of the public or employees of an organization about providing for their future retirement, advising companies on how to provide for their employees, communicating complex information to clients to make them aware of their options and to help them assess the relative merits of different schemes, keeping up to date with developments in pensions legislation.
Analyzing and interpreting complex financial information and making reasoned decisions based on a range of data. The role may also involve advising on other areas, such as mortgages, life insurance and employee benefits, under the more general job title of financial adviser.
Supporting individuals and organizations to provide for their future financial security requires a combination of excellent interpersonal skills, good numeracy skills, up-to-date knowledge of the financial services sector and an understanding of pension’s legislation.
The role also demands a good understanding of: investments, tax, the social security system. Specific activities will vary according to the role, differing, for example, between jobs in the public sector and those in the private sector. There will also be differences if a job has a sales focus or is more focused on providing advice for existing customers.
The latter may want to amend their pension provision or they may be near to retirement or already in receipt of a pension. Pension’s consultants offer pensions provision to other organizations and advise, therefore, on the best form of pensions provision for the organization as a whole to provide to their employees.
Tasks may typically involve: advising members of the public or employees of an organization about providing for their future retirement, advising companies on how to provide for their employees, communicating complex information to clients to make them aware of their options and to help them assess the relative merits of different schemes, keeping up to date with developments in pensions legislation.
Analyzing and interpreting complex financial information and making reasoned decisions based on a range of data. The role may also involve advising on other areas, such as mortgages, life insurance and employee benefits, under the more general job title of financial adviser.
Animal Technologist
An animal technologist (also known as animal laboratory technician) is responsible for the care and welfare of laboratory animals used in medical, veterinary and dental research. Some technologists are involved in experimental work, but this is less common.
Just fewer than 2.9 million animals (85% of which are rodents) are used in scientific procedures in Britain annually. The different requirements of each species and each set of experiments leads to different working environments.
The use of animals in scientific procedures is regulated by the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986, which recognizes the necessity of research involving animals but demands high levels of protection for their welfare.
Animal technologists are in daily contact with animals and much of the work involves routine tasks essential for the animals' care and welfare. These tasks include: cleaning cages, pens, trays, equipment and fittings, feeding and watering animals, obtaining samples and measurements, collecting and recording data, ensuring animals are kept clean and comfortable.
Technologists may be involved in designing studies and setting the conditions and protocols that will provide scientists with the information required. To do this, they need to understand the physical, behavioral and environmental needs of individual species, and be able to predict and interpret the animals' responses.
Experienced technologists help to breed animals especially for use in research. They monitor pregnancies, care for newborn animals and measure weight gain and growth.
Technologists also play a key role in selecting animals for studies and carrying out and developing dosing, assessment and sampling techniques. Some understanding of the science supporting individual studies is required in this instance. Research with animals in the UK takes place under strict legal controls and technologists are responsible for ensuring all legislation.
Just fewer than 2.9 million animals (85% of which are rodents) are used in scientific procedures in Britain annually. The different requirements of each species and each set of experiments leads to different working environments.
The use of animals in scientific procedures is regulated by the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986, which recognizes the necessity of research involving animals but demands high levels of protection for their welfare.
Animal technologists are in daily contact with animals and much of the work involves routine tasks essential for the animals' care and welfare. These tasks include: cleaning cages, pens, trays, equipment and fittings, feeding and watering animals, obtaining samples and measurements, collecting and recording data, ensuring animals are kept clean and comfortable.
Technologists may be involved in designing studies and setting the conditions and protocols that will provide scientists with the information required. To do this, they need to understand the physical, behavioral and environmental needs of individual species, and be able to predict and interpret the animals' responses.
Experienced technologists help to breed animals especially for use in research. They monitor pregnancies, care for newborn animals and measure weight gain and growth.
Technologists also play a key role in selecting animals for studies and carrying out and developing dosing, assessment and sampling techniques. Some understanding of the science supporting individual studies is required in this instance. Research with animals in the UK takes place under strict legal controls and technologists are responsible for ensuring all legislation.
Veterinary Surgeon
Veterinary surgeons work to safeguard the health and welfare of animals. In general practice they are responsible for the prevention of disease and for the medical and surgical treatment of pets and animals in homes, farms, zoos and wildlife parks. Most practices specialize according to their location in either a rural or urban area.
Vets combine their knowledge of animal physiology, nutrition and medicine with practical surgical skills to diagnose illnesses, prescribe medicines, manage anesthesia and radiography, and perform surgery.
Vets are also employed in other sectors, such as education and research, government agencies, animal charities and pharmaceutical companies. Most general practice work is undertaken either in the surgery in consultations with owners and their animals, or in animals' living environments, for example in farms, stables or owners' homes.
Typical work activities include: handling, examining and treating all species of animals, including companion animals, farm livestock and horses, meeting and consulting with animal owners, carrying out diagnostic tests, such as x-rays, blood samples and ultrasound scans, giving advice to farmers on issues such as breeding, nutrition and herd health; undertaking routine visits to farms to check the health of livestock.
Immunizing animals against different forms of disease,euthanasing old, sick or terminally ill and unwanted animals, performing surgery, including anaesthesia;,caring for in-patient animals, including examining and advising on treatment, dealing with out-of-hours emergencies when on call, providing suitable paperwork for animals travelling abroad; inserting identification microchips into animals.
Maintaining records, raising and forwarding reports and certificates in compliance with current legislation, liaising with and referring to other professionals in the industry. Vets working as practice partners have the additional responsibility of managing practice finances.
Promoting the surgery to potential clients, and recruiting and managing veterinary surgeons, nurses and receptionists. Vets working for government agencies may research diseases, test and manage infection outbreaks or food safety, and complete paperwork for pet passports.
Vets combine their knowledge of animal physiology, nutrition and medicine with practical surgical skills to diagnose illnesses, prescribe medicines, manage anesthesia and radiography, and perform surgery.
Vets are also employed in other sectors, such as education and research, government agencies, animal charities and pharmaceutical companies. Most general practice work is undertaken either in the surgery in consultations with owners and their animals, or in animals' living environments, for example in farms, stables or owners' homes.
Typical work activities include: handling, examining and treating all species of animals, including companion animals, farm livestock and horses, meeting and consulting with animal owners, carrying out diagnostic tests, such as x-rays, blood samples and ultrasound scans, giving advice to farmers on issues such as breeding, nutrition and herd health; undertaking routine visits to farms to check the health of livestock.
Immunizing animals against different forms of disease,euthanasing old, sick or terminally ill and unwanted animals, performing surgery, including anaesthesia;,caring for in-patient animals, including examining and advising on treatment, dealing with out-of-hours emergencies when on call, providing suitable paperwork for animals travelling abroad; inserting identification microchips into animals.
Maintaining records, raising and forwarding reports and certificates in compliance with current legislation, liaising with and referring to other professionals in the industry. Vets working as practice partners have the additional responsibility of managing practice finances.
Promoting the surgery to potential clients, and recruiting and managing veterinary surgeons, nurses and receptionists. Vets working for government agencies may research diseases, test and manage infection outbreaks or food safety, and complete paperwork for pet passports.
Charity Officer
A charity officer undertakes a variety of functions which can vary considerably depending upon the sector and size of an organization. In larger organizations, the role will focus on a specific area, such as project management or strategy development; in smaller charities, a charity officer will undertake whatever tasks are required.
Typical job functions include applying for grants, administration, budget setting, dealing with volunteers, fundraising, PR and providing advice or information. Charity officers are often referred to as charity administrators, community liaison officers or project development officers. Many large commercial companies employ a charity officer to steer their charity and/or community agenda.
Typical work activities will vary according to the setting. For example, a charity officer working for a multinational corporation (looking to develop its community links) will have a very different experience from a charity officer working for a small-scale locally-focused charity; not only will their access to resources differ substantially, and therefore their approach contrast, but the officer working in the private sector will not work with volunteers, who are central to the infrastructure of virtually all voluntary sector organizations.
However, despite such diversity in roles, there are typical functions that a charity officer will undertake, which include: liaising with external agencies, including voluntary sector organizations, the media, representatives from local authorities and business, trustees, etc, dealing with public relations (PR) with the aim of raising the profile of the organization and/or campaign, addressing public meetings and making speeches when accepting donations.
Administrative and financial tasks: applying for grants and other public funding, undertaking general clerical and administrative work to meet the needs of the organization, gathering/analyzing information and data and preparing reports, authorising payments and managing a budget.
Fundraising: creating and organizing fundraising initiatives, contacting potential donors by telephone and/or letter, designing and preparing fundraising materials, for example, leaflets and flyers, maintaining donor lists and prospecting for new donors.
Organising: managing your time effectively and multitasking, organising/managing a team of paid staff and/or volunteers, recruiting and training volunteers and/or paid staff.
Typical job functions include applying for grants, administration, budget setting, dealing with volunteers, fundraising, PR and providing advice or information. Charity officers are often referred to as charity administrators, community liaison officers or project development officers. Many large commercial companies employ a charity officer to steer their charity and/or community agenda.
Typical work activities will vary according to the setting. For example, a charity officer working for a multinational corporation (looking to develop its community links) will have a very different experience from a charity officer working for a small-scale locally-focused charity; not only will their access to resources differ substantially, and therefore their approach contrast, but the officer working in the private sector will not work with volunteers, who are central to the infrastructure of virtually all voluntary sector organizations.
However, despite such diversity in roles, there are typical functions that a charity officer will undertake, which include: liaising with external agencies, including voluntary sector organizations, the media, representatives from local authorities and business, trustees, etc, dealing with public relations (PR) with the aim of raising the profile of the organization and/or campaign, addressing public meetings and making speeches when accepting donations.
Administrative and financial tasks: applying for grants and other public funding, undertaking general clerical and administrative work to meet the needs of the organization, gathering/analyzing information and data and preparing reports, authorising payments and managing a budget.
Fundraising: creating and organizing fundraising initiatives, contacting potential donors by telephone and/or letter, designing and preparing fundraising materials, for example, leaflets and flyers, maintaining donor lists and prospecting for new donors.
Organising: managing your time effectively and multitasking, organising/managing a team of paid staff and/or volunteers, recruiting and training volunteers and/or paid staff.
Building Services Engineer
Building services engineers are responsible for ensuring the cost-effective and environmentally sound and sustainable design and maintenance of energy-using elements in buildings.
They have an important role in developing and maintaining buildings, and their components, to make the most effective use of natural resources and protect public safety. This includes all equipment and materials involved with heating, lighting, ventilation, air-conditioning, electrical distribution, water supply, sanitation, public health, fire protection, safety systems, lifts, escalators, facade engineering and even acoustics.
Whilst the role increasingly demands a multidisciplinary approach, building services engineers tend to specialize in one of the following areas: electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, public health.
Activities will vary according to the specialist area of work and whether you are employed by a single organization or a consultancy, but tasks typically involve: advising clients and architects on energy use and conservation in a range of buildings and sites, aiming to minimize the environmental impact and reduce the carbon footprint, managing and forecasting spend, using whole life cycle costing techniques, ensuring that work is kept to budget.
Developing and negotiating project contracts and agreeing these with clients, if working in consultancy, and putting out tenders, liaising closely with other professionals, including structural engineers, builders, architects and surveyors, and in-house project teams, attending a range of project groups and technical meetings, working with detailed diagrams, plans and drawings.
Using specialist computer-aided design (CAD) software and other resources to design all the systems required for the project, designing site-specific equipment as required, commissioning, organizing and assessing the work of contractors, overseeing and supervising the installation of building systems and specifying maintenance and operating procedures.
Monitoring building systems and processes, making decisions about expired systems equipment and the appropriate location of new equipment, ensuring that the design and maintenance of building systems meets legislative and health and safety requirements, working on a variety of projects within a short period of time.
They have an important role in developing and maintaining buildings, and their components, to make the most effective use of natural resources and protect public safety. This includes all equipment and materials involved with heating, lighting, ventilation, air-conditioning, electrical distribution, water supply, sanitation, public health, fire protection, safety systems, lifts, escalators, facade engineering and even acoustics.
Whilst the role increasingly demands a multidisciplinary approach, building services engineers tend to specialize in one of the following areas: electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, public health.
Activities will vary according to the specialist area of work and whether you are employed by a single organization or a consultancy, but tasks typically involve: advising clients and architects on energy use and conservation in a range of buildings and sites, aiming to minimize the environmental impact and reduce the carbon footprint, managing and forecasting spend, using whole life cycle costing techniques, ensuring that work is kept to budget.
Developing and negotiating project contracts and agreeing these with clients, if working in consultancy, and putting out tenders, liaising closely with other professionals, including structural engineers, builders, architects and surveyors, and in-house project teams, attending a range of project groups and technical meetings, working with detailed diagrams, plans and drawings.
Using specialist computer-aided design (CAD) software and other resources to design all the systems required for the project, designing site-specific equipment as required, commissioning, organizing and assessing the work of contractors, overseeing and supervising the installation of building systems and specifying maintenance and operating procedures.
Monitoring building systems and processes, making decisions about expired systems equipment and the appropriate location of new equipment, ensuring that the design and maintenance of building systems meets legislative and health and safety requirements, working on a variety of projects within a short period of time.
Information Systems Manager
An information systems manager is responsible for the computer systems within a company, overseeing installation, ensuring backup systems operate effectively, purchasing hardware and software, providing the ICT technology infrastructures for an organization, and contributing to organizational policy regarding quality standards and strategic planning.
Information systems managers work in every size of organization in industry and the service sector, usually with a staff of technicians, programmers and database administrators reporting to them.
Although the title of information systems manager is becoming more commonly used within the ICT sector, job titles may vary, for example, you might be a service delivery manager in a non-profit organization and a function manager in a financial institution.
Information systems managers are responsible for the implementation of technology within an organization and direct the work of systems/business analysts, computer programmers, support specialists, and other computer-related workers.
The post holder will usually be an experienced worker with technical expertise coupled with an understanding of business and management principles. Duties within the role are ultimately dependent on the employing organization and the complexity of its information systems.
Standard activities are likely to include: evaluating user needs and system functionality and ensuring that ICT facilities meet these needs, planning, developing and implementing the ICT budget, obtaining competitive prices from suppliers where appropriate, to ensure cost effectiveness, scheduling upgrades and security backups of hardware and software systems, researching and installing new systems.
Ensuring the smooth running of all ICT systems, including anti-virus software, print services and email provision, providing secure access to the network for remote users, ensuring the security of data from internal and external attack, providing users with appropriate support and advice, managing crisis situations, which may involve complex technical hardware or software problems, keeping up to date with the latest technologies.
Companies going through business process re-engineering may well look to the information systems manager to deal with change management. This requires an understanding of the capabilities and constraints of technology and resource implications in terms of budgets, plus the training and recruitment of specialist staff.
Information systems managers work in every size of organization in industry and the service sector, usually with a staff of technicians, programmers and database administrators reporting to them.
Although the title of information systems manager is becoming more commonly used within the ICT sector, job titles may vary, for example, you might be a service delivery manager in a non-profit organization and a function manager in a financial institution.
Information systems managers are responsible for the implementation of technology within an organization and direct the work of systems/business analysts, computer programmers, support specialists, and other computer-related workers.
The post holder will usually be an experienced worker with technical expertise coupled with an understanding of business and management principles. Duties within the role are ultimately dependent on the employing organization and the complexity of its information systems.
Standard activities are likely to include: evaluating user needs and system functionality and ensuring that ICT facilities meet these needs, planning, developing and implementing the ICT budget, obtaining competitive prices from suppliers where appropriate, to ensure cost effectiveness, scheduling upgrades and security backups of hardware and software systems, researching and installing new systems.
Ensuring the smooth running of all ICT systems, including anti-virus software, print services and email provision, providing secure access to the network for remote users, ensuring the security of data from internal and external attack, providing users with appropriate support and advice, managing crisis situations, which may involve complex technical hardware or software problems, keeping up to date with the latest technologies.
Companies going through business process re-engineering may well look to the information systems manager to deal with change management. This requires an understanding of the capabilities and constraints of technology and resource implications in terms of budgets, plus the training and recruitment of specialist staff.
Sales Executive
Sales executives maximize the sales of a company's goods or services in many different settings. Their role helps to ensure the commercial success of a diverse range of companies in UK and overseas markets. This can involve working with high-profile brands and products.
They are also involved with identifying new markets and business opportunities. Sales executives are responsible for increasing and developing sales in areas including: fast moving consumer goods, consumer durables, industrial supplies, IT, software and media, services.
Typical work activities will depend on the market/setting. In addition, specific responsibilities will vary according to level of seniority (client contact, for example, will increase with experience).Typical activities may include: maintaining and developing relationships with existing customers via meetings, telephone calls and emails, visiting potential customers to prospect for new business.
Acting as a contact between a company and its existing and potential markets, negotiating the terms of an agreement and closing sales, gathering market and customer information, representing the organization at trade exhibitions, events and demonstrations, negotiating variations in price, delivery and specifications with managers.
Advising on forthcoming product developments and discussing special promotions, liaising with suppliers to check on the progress of existing orders, checking quantities of goods on display and in stock, recording sales and order information and sending copies to the sales office, reviewing own sales performance.
Aiming to meet or exceed targets; gaining a clear understanding of customers' businesses and requirements, making accurate, rapid cost calculations, and providing customers with quotations, feeding future buying trends back to employers.
They are also involved with identifying new markets and business opportunities. Sales executives are responsible for increasing and developing sales in areas including: fast moving consumer goods, consumer durables, industrial supplies, IT, software and media, services.
Typical work activities will depend on the market/setting. In addition, specific responsibilities will vary according to level of seniority (client contact, for example, will increase with experience).Typical activities may include: maintaining and developing relationships with existing customers via meetings, telephone calls and emails, visiting potential customers to prospect for new business.
Acting as a contact between a company and its existing and potential markets, negotiating the terms of an agreement and closing sales, gathering market and customer information, representing the organization at trade exhibitions, events and demonstrations, negotiating variations in price, delivery and specifications with managers.
Advising on forthcoming product developments and discussing special promotions, liaising with suppliers to check on the progress of existing orders, checking quantities of goods on display and in stock, recording sales and order information and sending copies to the sales office, reviewing own sales performance.
Aiming to meet or exceed targets; gaining a clear understanding of customers' businesses and requirements, making accurate, rapid cost calculations, and providing customers with quotations, feeding future buying trends back to employers.
Secretary
A secretary or administrator provides clerical and administrative support, either as a team or individually. They are often also responsible for specific projects, as well as co-ordination and implementing office procedures. In some cases, they will oversee junior staff.
Secretarial/administrative work has changed significantly over the years, and the role varies greatly depending on sector, the size of the employer and levels of responsibility. Most work involves communication and word processing skills, and within specialist fields such as law, many secretaries/administrators are required to have relevant, high-level qualifications.
The role also overlaps with that of personal assistant. Most secretaries, administrators will undertake typical work tasks: general word processing, dealing with telephone and email enquiries, creating and maintaining filing systems, keeping diaries and taking appointments for staff.
Depending on the sector, the role could also include any of the following: using a variety of software packages to produce correspondence and documents, and maintain presentations, spreadsheets and databases, devising and maintaining office systems, booking rooms, using content management systems to maintain and update websites and internal databases.
Other duties may include: recruiting and training junior staff, and delegating work as required, manipulating complex statistical data, travelling with the team or manager to take notes at meetings, take dictation and provide general assistance with presentations, arranging travel and accommodation, arranging both in-house and external events.
Secretarial/administrative work has changed significantly over the years, and the role varies greatly depending on sector, the size of the employer and levels of responsibility. Most work involves communication and word processing skills, and within specialist fields such as law, many secretaries/administrators are required to have relevant, high-level qualifications.
The role also overlaps with that of personal assistant. Most secretaries, administrators will undertake typical work tasks: general word processing, dealing with telephone and email enquiries, creating and maintaining filing systems, keeping diaries and taking appointments for staff.
Depending on the sector, the role could also include any of the following: using a variety of software packages to produce correspondence and documents, and maintain presentations, spreadsheets and databases, devising and maintaining office systems, booking rooms, using content management systems to maintain and update websites and internal databases.
Other duties may include: recruiting and training junior staff, and delegating work as required, manipulating complex statistical data, travelling with the team or manager to take notes at meetings, take dictation and provide general assistance with presentations, arranging travel and accommodation, arranging both in-house and external events.
Software Engineer
A software engineer researches, designs and develops software systems to meet with clients requirements. Once the system had been fully designed software engineers then test, debug, and maintain the systems.
They increasingly need to have knowledge of a variety of computer programming languages and applications; this is due to the wide variety of work that they can be involved in.
Software engineers are sometimes referred to as computer programmers or software developers. Depending on the type of organization, software engineers can become specialists in either systems or applications.
Software engineering is one of the most popular professions in IT in terms of the numbers employed. Typical work activities will usually include some or all of the following: researching, designing and writing new software programs, testing new programs and fault finding; developing existing programs by analyzing and identifying areas for modification,’ bolting together' existing software products and getting incompatible platforms to work together.
Investigating new technologies, creating technical specifications and test plans, working with computer coding languages, writing operational documentation with technical authors, maintaining systems by monitoring and correcting software defects, working closely with other staff, such as project managers, graphic artists, systems analysts, and sales and marketing professionals.
Consulting clients/colleagues concerning the maintenance and performance of software systems and asking questions to obtain information, clarify details and implement information, constantly updating technical knowledge and skills by attending in-house and external courses, reading manuals and accessing new applications, problem-solving and thinking laterally as part of a team, or individually, to meet the needs of the project.
They increasingly need to have knowledge of a variety of computer programming languages and applications; this is due to the wide variety of work that they can be involved in.
Software engineers are sometimes referred to as computer programmers or software developers. Depending on the type of organization, software engineers can become specialists in either systems or applications.
Software engineering is one of the most popular professions in IT in terms of the numbers employed. Typical work activities will usually include some or all of the following: researching, designing and writing new software programs, testing new programs and fault finding; developing existing programs by analyzing and identifying areas for modification,’ bolting together' existing software products and getting incompatible platforms to work together.
Investigating new technologies, creating technical specifications and test plans, working with computer coding languages, writing operational documentation with technical authors, maintaining systems by monitoring and correcting software defects, working closely with other staff, such as project managers, graphic artists, systems analysts, and sales and marketing professionals.
Consulting clients/colleagues concerning the maintenance and performance of software systems and asking questions to obtain information, clarify details and implement information, constantly updating technical knowledge and skills by attending in-house and external courses, reading manuals and accessing new applications, problem-solving and thinking laterally as part of a team, or individually, to meet the needs of the project.
Jewellery Designer
Jewellery designers design and make body adornments using a variety of materials, including gold, silver and precious stones. Practicing one of the oldest crafts, designers create pieces that can have great sentimental significance or symbolic meaning. They must be able to relate well to their clients in order to understand design specifications, as well as master the creative and practical skills needed to make a product.
A mixture of creative skills and commercial awareness is vital in producing original pieces of jewellery. The design process is complex and involves a series of stages, each requiring different abilities on the part of the designer.
For a self-employed jewellery designer, typical hands-on activities include: designing - computer-aided design is used to produce images of how a piece of jewellery might look, mounting - making the framework for the piece of jewellery. This involves handling, forming and drilling metal, and opening out holes in which to place the selected gems.
Stone setting - making adjustments to the mount to ensure the stones fit perfectly. This can involve very intricate work, e.g. removing tiny fractions of metal, polishing - ensuring the finish of the piece, model making (casting) - making an object or decorative detail using a mould. The mould can be made from a range of materials including sculpted wax, plaster, welding - joining pieces of metal using traditional methods or by laser, engraving - carving lettering or patterns into precious metals by hand or by computer-aided manufacture.
When working for a company, a distinction is made between the design and the production. All the above activities are divided into separate job roles. Client-based activities will include: holding consultations with commissioning clients, discussing a client's range of options and formulating original ideas, sketching out ideas to help the client visualize the finished design.
Promoting and developing the business is crucial for success as a jewellery designer. Many designers try to boost their reputation by networking, entering competitions, attending fairs and producing high-quality work.
Other activities include: consulting with galleries, store buyers and suppliers; and researching jewellery trends and keeping an eye on the fashion world to keep abreast of developments in the industry.
A mixture of creative skills and commercial awareness is vital in producing original pieces of jewellery. The design process is complex and involves a series of stages, each requiring different abilities on the part of the designer.
For a self-employed jewellery designer, typical hands-on activities include: designing - computer-aided design is used to produce images of how a piece of jewellery might look, mounting - making the framework for the piece of jewellery. This involves handling, forming and drilling metal, and opening out holes in which to place the selected gems.
Stone setting - making adjustments to the mount to ensure the stones fit perfectly. This can involve very intricate work, e.g. removing tiny fractions of metal, polishing - ensuring the finish of the piece, model making (casting) - making an object or decorative detail using a mould. The mould can be made from a range of materials including sculpted wax, plaster, welding - joining pieces of metal using traditional methods or by laser, engraving - carving lettering or patterns into precious metals by hand or by computer-aided manufacture.
When working for a company, a distinction is made between the design and the production. All the above activities are divided into separate job roles. Client-based activities will include: holding consultations with commissioning clients, discussing a client's range of options and formulating original ideas, sketching out ideas to help the client visualize the finished design.
Promoting and developing the business is crucial for success as a jewellery designer. Many designers try to boost their reputation by networking, entering competitions, attending fairs and producing high-quality work.
Other activities include: consulting with galleries, store buyers and suppliers; and researching jewellery trends and keeping an eye on the fashion world to keep abreast of developments in the industry.
Hydrographic Surveyor
A hydrographic surveyor specializes in precise positioning, data acquisition and processing in marine environments. The role involves measuring and mapping the world's underwater surfaces and studying the morphology (construction) of the seabed.
The information is used in: the production of charts and related information for navigation, dredging, locating offshore resources (oil, gas, and aggregates), and planning dock installations.
Hydrographic surveyors are expected to work in a wide range of differing situations and applications: from inland waters and rivers, to ports and oceans. The work may be onshore or offshore, depending on your area of specialism.
The role also demands an understanding of and consideration for environmental issues. Typical work activities include: using specialized technical software, global and some terrestrial positioning systems, sonar and echo sounders to provide data for the production of nautical charts and maps, using remotely operated and autonomous underwater vehicles to acquire data in deep oceans.
Using specialized technical software and geographical information systems (GIS) to manage the integration, processing and presentation of data to clients, dealing with clients, internally and externally, to provide tenders and results in appropriate formats, managing projects, both onshore and offshore, as vessel-based managers, producing reports.
Providing accurate and reliable information for other disciplines, such as: navigation; oil, gas and mineral resource exploration; dredging; coastal works; seabed telephone cables; environmental monitoring; aquaculture; marine wind farm development; oceanographic research; and bridge construction, working in a wide range of differing situations and applications: seabed mining; oil and gas exploration; the construction of ports.
The provision of navigational charts; and the positioning of navigational aids, sourcing information on sea bed type, water movements and waves, the provision of data for oceanographic studies, for those working onshore; responding to technical queries from onshore engineering teams and problem-solving for colleagues working offshore, reviewing company procedures and software projects, and providing feedback on courses and in-house training, working as part of a team of technical specialists.
The information is used in: the production of charts and related information for navigation, dredging, locating offshore resources (oil, gas, and aggregates), and planning dock installations.
Hydrographic surveyors are expected to work in a wide range of differing situations and applications: from inland waters and rivers, to ports and oceans. The work may be onshore or offshore, depending on your area of specialism.
The role also demands an understanding of and consideration for environmental issues. Typical work activities include: using specialized technical software, global and some terrestrial positioning systems, sonar and echo sounders to provide data for the production of nautical charts and maps, using remotely operated and autonomous underwater vehicles to acquire data in deep oceans.
Using specialized technical software and geographical information systems (GIS) to manage the integration, processing and presentation of data to clients, dealing with clients, internally and externally, to provide tenders and results in appropriate formats, managing projects, both onshore and offshore, as vessel-based managers, producing reports.
Providing accurate and reliable information for other disciplines, such as: navigation; oil, gas and mineral resource exploration; dredging; coastal works; seabed telephone cables; environmental monitoring; aquaculture; marine wind farm development; oceanographic research; and bridge construction, working in a wide range of differing situations and applications: seabed mining; oil and gas exploration; the construction of ports.
The provision of navigational charts; and the positioning of navigational aids, sourcing information on sea bed type, water movements and waves, the provision of data for oceanographic studies, for those working onshore; responding to technical queries from onshore engineering teams and problem-solving for colleagues working offshore, reviewing company procedures and software projects, and providing feedback on courses and in-house training, working as part of a team of technical specialists.
Food Technologist
Food technologists develop the manufacturing processes and recipes of food and drink products. They work on existing and newly discovered ingredients and technologies to invent new recipes and concepts and modify foods to create, for example, fat-free products and ready meals.
Food technologists are involved in conducting experiments and producing sample products, as well as designing the processes and machinery for making products with a consistent flavor, color and texture in large quantities. This must be done within a strict and ever-changing regulatory framework around the treatment of foodstuffs.
The work may also involve building relationships with suppliers and customers, as well as ensuring products are profitable. Selecting raw materials and other ingredients from suppliers, preparing product costing based on raw materials and manufacturing costs to ensure profitable products, addressing issues of safety and quality.
Typical work activities include: modifying existing products and processes and developing new ones, checking and improving quality control procedures in your own and suppliers' factories, from the raw material stage through to the finished product, researching current consumer markets and latest technologies to develop new product concepts.
In food manufacturing, the work may also involve: carrying out process support and development, new product development, and quality control, developing the ability to repeat processes to ensure consistency and safety, liaising and cooperating with technical and commercial colleagues in procurement, sales and technical services, and marketing and distribution, and also with official food inspection and hygiene agencies.
In retailing, typical work activities include: working with suppliers on quality issues and new product ideas. In the public sector, the work involves: carrying out administration and devising policy for government departments, implementing enforcement roles in local authority environmental health departments.
Food technologists are involved in conducting experiments and producing sample products, as well as designing the processes and machinery for making products with a consistent flavor, color and texture in large quantities. This must be done within a strict and ever-changing regulatory framework around the treatment of foodstuffs.
The work may also involve building relationships with suppliers and customers, as well as ensuring products are profitable. Selecting raw materials and other ingredients from suppliers, preparing product costing based on raw materials and manufacturing costs to ensure profitable products, addressing issues of safety and quality.
Typical work activities include: modifying existing products and processes and developing new ones, checking and improving quality control procedures in your own and suppliers' factories, from the raw material stage through to the finished product, researching current consumer markets and latest technologies to develop new product concepts.
In food manufacturing, the work may also involve: carrying out process support and development, new product development, and quality control, developing the ability to repeat processes to ensure consistency and safety, liaising and cooperating with technical and commercial colleagues in procurement, sales and technical services, and marketing and distribution, and also with official food inspection and hygiene agencies.
In retailing, typical work activities include: working with suppliers on quality issues and new product ideas. In the public sector, the work involves: carrying out administration and devising policy for government departments, implementing enforcement roles in local authority environmental health departments.
Ecologist
Ecologists are concerned with the relationships between organisms, and between organisms and their environment and carry out a wide range of tasks depending on their specialist knowledge (e.g. freshwater, marine, terrestrial, fauna, flora, etc.). When starting out, ecologists often conduct surveys, identifying, recording and monitoring habitats.
Work becomes more wide-ranging, depending on how careers progress, with senior ecologists being generally more involved in policy, appraisal and interpretation work.
The work supports compliance with European and UK environmental legislation and the UK Biodiversity Action Plan, so ecologists must be aware of environmental policies and legislation, which they also have an influence on shaping. The work of an ecologist depends on the nature of the employer and the purpose of the work. For example, environmental impact assessments are required by law for planning permission; the UK Biodiversity Action.
Plan at national and local level has given rise to comprehensive lists of species that need to be monitored and protected; there is an increasing demand for the collection and management of biological information for national databases (see, for example, the National Biodiversity Network (NBN)); and climate change is monitored by mapping the movement of key species.
Typical work activities may include some of the following to a greater or lesser degree: liaising with site managers, engineers, planners and others associated with a survey, applying sampling strategies and employing a range of habitat survey techniques, such as: Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Global Positioning Systems (GPS), aerial photography, records and maps, carrying out environmental impact assessments.
Taxonomy - classifying organisms,analysing and interpreting data, using specialist software programs, habitat management and creation, writing reports and issuing recommendations, advising engineering firms, road planners, construction firms and other stakeholders, carrying out research, undertaking teaching in schools or in field centres,keeping abreast of new environmental policies and legislation, developing changes to policy and/or legislation, based on ecological findings.
Work becomes more wide-ranging, depending on how careers progress, with senior ecologists being generally more involved in policy, appraisal and interpretation work.
The work supports compliance with European and UK environmental legislation and the UK Biodiversity Action Plan, so ecologists must be aware of environmental policies and legislation, which they also have an influence on shaping. The work of an ecologist depends on the nature of the employer and the purpose of the work. For example, environmental impact assessments are required by law for planning permission; the UK Biodiversity Action.
Plan at national and local level has given rise to comprehensive lists of species that need to be monitored and protected; there is an increasing demand for the collection and management of biological information for national databases (see, for example, the National Biodiversity Network (NBN)); and climate change is monitored by mapping the movement of key species.
Typical work activities may include some of the following to a greater or lesser degree: liaising with site managers, engineers, planners and others associated with a survey, applying sampling strategies and employing a range of habitat survey techniques, such as: Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Global Positioning Systems (GPS), aerial photography, records and maps, carrying out environmental impact assessments.
Taxonomy - classifying organisms,analysing and interpreting data, using specialist software programs, habitat management and creation, writing reports and issuing recommendations, advising engineering firms, road planners, construction firms and other stakeholders, carrying out research, undertaking teaching in schools or in field centres,keeping abreast of new environmental policies and legislation, developing changes to policy and/or legislation, based on ecological findings.
Natural Conservations Advisor
Nature conservation advisers provide practical advice to farmers, land managers, voluntary and private organizations on landscape and wildlife conservation. This advice may include suggestions for conserving existing landscape, wildlife and historical features, and encouraging the promotion of conservation locally.
The work involves assessing the wildlife and landscape value of different habitats and making appropriate recommendations for management. Typical work activities include: organizing visits, demonstrations and conferences, producing articles, giving talks to local groups, promoting understanding and appreciation of the conservation of the countryside, obtaining financial support and grant aid for conservation schemes, sitting on committees, writing reports.
Applicants usually require a relevant degree and should have substantial conservation experience. The Farming & Wildlife Advisory Group (FWAG) appoint farm conservation advisers on a county and regional basis throughout Britain. Amongst other things they promote the greater integration of landscape and nature conservation into land management among farmers, landowners and other land managers.
Nature conservation officers work to protect, manage and enhance the local environment. This can include grassland, woodland, forests, coastal areas, moorland, mountains and rivers. Depending on the region, officers might also work in marine habitats.
Part of their role is to encourage people to use the countryside and promote awareness of and understanding about the natural environment. They also develop policy which may have local and national impact. In conjunction with their counterparts in other voluntary and statutory organizations they set and promote targets within national biodiversity action plans and advise and negotiate with employers.
With a remit to educate and raise awareness of environmental issues, nature conservation officers work with all sectors of the local community including local schools and colleges. Job titles within this sector are varied and include: sustainable development officers, project officers or biodiversity officers, conservation assistants and technicians.
Promoting and implementing local and national biodiversity action plans in partnership with local/national statutory and voluntary organizations, contributing to planning and policy development for sustainable management, including input in environmental impact assessments, providing advice to clients, community groups, landowners, planners and developers, dealing with enquiries from the public, educating young people, and those considering entering the profession, through talks and seminars to local colleges and universities.
The work involves assessing the wildlife and landscape value of different habitats and making appropriate recommendations for management. Typical work activities include: organizing visits, demonstrations and conferences, producing articles, giving talks to local groups, promoting understanding and appreciation of the conservation of the countryside, obtaining financial support and grant aid for conservation schemes, sitting on committees, writing reports.
Applicants usually require a relevant degree and should have substantial conservation experience. The Farming & Wildlife Advisory Group (FWAG) appoint farm conservation advisers on a county and regional basis throughout Britain. Amongst other things they promote the greater integration of landscape and nature conservation into land management among farmers, landowners and other land managers.
Nature conservation officers work to protect, manage and enhance the local environment. This can include grassland, woodland, forests, coastal areas, moorland, mountains and rivers. Depending on the region, officers might also work in marine habitats.
Part of their role is to encourage people to use the countryside and promote awareness of and understanding about the natural environment. They also develop policy which may have local and national impact. In conjunction with their counterparts in other voluntary and statutory organizations they set and promote targets within national biodiversity action plans and advise and negotiate with employers.
With a remit to educate and raise awareness of environmental issues, nature conservation officers work with all sectors of the local community including local schools and colleges. Job titles within this sector are varied and include: sustainable development officers, project officers or biodiversity officers, conservation assistants and technicians.
Promoting and implementing local and national biodiversity action plans in partnership with local/national statutory and voluntary organizations, contributing to planning and policy development for sustainable management, including input in environmental impact assessments, providing advice to clients, community groups, landowners, planners and developers, dealing with enquiries from the public, educating young people, and those considering entering the profession, through talks and seminars to local colleges and universities.
Energy Manager
An energy manager is responsible for improving the energy efficiency of large organizations and domestic properties. They are often required to act as agents of change within their organization, coordinating all aspects of energy management.
Energy efficiency and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions to waste management and sustainable development by: encouraging the use of renewable/sustainable energy resources within an organization or community, deriving solutions for carbon management, raising the profile of energy conservation.
Changes in building regulations and an increase in legislation and European directives on emissions and efficiency have increased the need for organizations to develop carbon management and sustainability strategies.
Duties vary according to the setting in which the work is being carried out and may range from researching new developments and managing a range of strategies, to providing expertise to individuals.
Typical work activities generally include: developing, coordinating, and implementing the aims and objectives of strategies and policies to reduce energy consumption, e.g. EU directives on energy performance and emissions, and monitoring and reviewing the effectiveness of these policies and strategies, including coordinating annual progress reports, devising policies and systems for buying energy and helping with contract negotiations.
Providing technical and practical advice and offering training on energy efficiency, developing promotional activities and materials to publicize particular schemes, contributing to sustainable development initiatives, liaising and negotiating with contractors, the building supplies industry, council services and other relevant organizations, ensuring accurate records are maintained and energy monitoring data is collected regularly.
Preparing specifications, drawings and tender documents for building services, improvement or plant replacement work, including obtaining statutory approvals. Preparing detailed schedules of work/feasibility studies and cost estimates, benchmarking energy consumptions against best practice guidelines, keeping abreast of legislation such as the ensuring compliance,organising events and workshops, compiling reports to strict deadlines.
Energy efficiency and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions to waste management and sustainable development by: encouraging the use of renewable/sustainable energy resources within an organization or community, deriving solutions for carbon management, raising the profile of energy conservation.
Changes in building regulations and an increase in legislation and European directives on emissions and efficiency have increased the need for organizations to develop carbon management and sustainability strategies.
Duties vary according to the setting in which the work is being carried out and may range from researching new developments and managing a range of strategies, to providing expertise to individuals.
Typical work activities generally include: developing, coordinating, and implementing the aims and objectives of strategies and policies to reduce energy consumption, e.g. EU directives on energy performance and emissions, and monitoring and reviewing the effectiveness of these policies and strategies, including coordinating annual progress reports, devising policies and systems for buying energy and helping with contract negotiations.
Providing technical and practical advice and offering training on energy efficiency, developing promotional activities and materials to publicize particular schemes, contributing to sustainable development initiatives, liaising and negotiating with contractors, the building supplies industry, council services and other relevant organizations, ensuring accurate records are maintained and energy monitoring data is collected regularly.
Preparing specifications, drawings and tender documents for building services, improvement or plant replacement work, including obtaining statutory approvals. Preparing detailed schedules of work/feasibility studies and cost estimates, benchmarking energy consumptions against best practice guidelines, keeping abreast of legislation such as the ensuring compliance,organising events and workshops, compiling reports to strict deadlines.
Special Teaching Assistant
Like classroom assistants, special needs teaching assistants support special educational needs (SEN) teachers by helping pupils with learning, physical or behavioral difficulties. SEN teaching assistants work in a variety of settings, such as special schools, mainstream schools with special units and mainstream classes with individual pupils.
Special needs teaching assistants' work depends on the individual needs of the pupil/s and their age, but may include: assisting with pupils' physical needs, including assisting with appropriate therapy and/or physiotherapy sessions, helping with the pupils' school work under the supervision of the SEN teacher, helping pupils to increase their confidence, self-esteem and independence, helping pupils who have difficulty communicating with others, including those whose first language is not English.
There may be requirements in some schools for SEN teaching assistants to have training and qualifications in specific areas, such as sign language for pupils with hearing impairments.
Teaching assistants can also access specialized training appropriate to the pupils they may be working with. This may include sign language, marathon, training in Easy Read and Braille. In addition, a certain level of physical fitness may be required for supporting pupils with physical needs (for example, to help in physiotherapy sessions/help with moving the child).
A special educational needs teacher works with children and young people who have emotional, behavioral or learning difficulties, or physical disabilities. SEN teachers may also work with exceptionally gifted pupils. They are involved in identifying all levels of need and are responsible for creating a safe, stimulating and supportive learning environment for special needs pupils.
Generally, SEN teachers teach small groups or individuals, and adapt their teaching to meet the needs of individual pupils. In England and Wales, SEN teachers follow the National Curriculum as far as possible. In Scotland, they teach the 5-14 Curriculum and qualifications up to Standard and Higher Grade.
The work is often challenging and varied, and may involve: teaching either individual pupils or small groups of pupils within, or outside, the class, preparing lessons, and marking and assessing work, developing and adapting conventional teaching methods to meet the individual needs of pupils; using special equipment and facilities, such as audio-visual materials and computers to stimulate interest in learning, attending meetings and in-service training.
Special needs teaching assistants' work depends on the individual needs of the pupil/s and their age, but may include: assisting with pupils' physical needs, including assisting with appropriate therapy and/or physiotherapy sessions, helping with the pupils' school work under the supervision of the SEN teacher, helping pupils to increase their confidence, self-esteem and independence, helping pupils who have difficulty communicating with others, including those whose first language is not English.
There may be requirements in some schools for SEN teaching assistants to have training and qualifications in specific areas, such as sign language for pupils with hearing impairments.
Teaching assistants can also access specialized training appropriate to the pupils they may be working with. This may include sign language, marathon, training in Easy Read and Braille. In addition, a certain level of physical fitness may be required for supporting pupils with physical needs (for example, to help in physiotherapy sessions/help with moving the child).
A special educational needs teacher works with children and young people who have emotional, behavioral or learning difficulties, or physical disabilities. SEN teachers may also work with exceptionally gifted pupils. They are involved in identifying all levels of need and are responsible for creating a safe, stimulating and supportive learning environment for special needs pupils.
Generally, SEN teachers teach small groups or individuals, and adapt their teaching to meet the needs of individual pupils. In England and Wales, SEN teachers follow the National Curriculum as far as possible. In Scotland, they teach the 5-14 Curriculum and qualifications up to Standard and Higher Grade.
The work is often challenging and varied, and may involve: teaching either individual pupils or small groups of pupils within, or outside, the class, preparing lessons, and marking and assessing work, developing and adapting conventional teaching methods to meet the individual needs of pupils; using special equipment and facilities, such as audio-visual materials and computers to stimulate interest in learning, attending meetings and in-service training.
Nutritional Therapist
A nutritional therapist works with clients, usually on an individual basis, to identify and treat nutritional factors affecting their health and to help them improve their overall health and wellbeing.
Nutritional therapy is considered to be a complementary therapy, which can be used alongside orthodox medicine. Therapists sometimes work with patients referred by medical practitioners, who have chronic health problems that conventional medicine may find difficult to treat.
The therapist works closely with the client to conduct a holistic assessment of their nutritional requirements and to compile an individual prescription for diet and supplementation, in order to alleviate, or prevent illness and promote optimal health.
Nutritional therapists aim to empower clients to change their biochemistry to a more balanced state. Conditions helped by nutritional therapy range from general unwellness to more chronic complaints, such as fatigue, depression, skin disease, childhood development disorders, migraine, eating disorders, asthma and arthritic joint pain.
Typical activities may include: providing one-to-one confidential consultations, initially of about an hour to an hour and a half, where a detailed assessment of current health problems, medical and family history, diet and lifestyle is made, conducting shorter follow-up review meetings, depending on the complexity and severity of a condition.
Explaining to clients the physiological impact of complex biochemical imbalances and nutritional deficiencies to enable the client to understand their condition, assessment and treatment plan, recommending laboratory tests (hair, urine or stool), which give indications of mineral toxicity, the functioning of the liver and the digestive system, undertaking allergy testing as part of the first consultation to identify food sensitivities or reactions to antibiotics.
Recommending a personalized dietary lifestyle and nutritional supplement based on an analysis of the condition and laboratory results, making comprehensive and detailed written notes from questionnaires and/or open discussion, offering a telephone or web-based helpline service to selected clients, running a business, with responsibilities for marketing and publicity, maintaining an appointments service, invoicing clients, keeping accounts for tax and insurance purposes, and negotiating the rental of suitable premises.
Nutritional therapy is considered to be a complementary therapy, which can be used alongside orthodox medicine. Therapists sometimes work with patients referred by medical practitioners, who have chronic health problems that conventional medicine may find difficult to treat.
The therapist works closely with the client to conduct a holistic assessment of their nutritional requirements and to compile an individual prescription for diet and supplementation, in order to alleviate, or prevent illness and promote optimal health.
Nutritional therapists aim to empower clients to change their biochemistry to a more balanced state. Conditions helped by nutritional therapy range from general unwellness to more chronic complaints, such as fatigue, depression, skin disease, childhood development disorders, migraine, eating disorders, asthma and arthritic joint pain.
Typical activities may include: providing one-to-one confidential consultations, initially of about an hour to an hour and a half, where a detailed assessment of current health problems, medical and family history, diet and lifestyle is made, conducting shorter follow-up review meetings, depending on the complexity and severity of a condition.
Explaining to clients the physiological impact of complex biochemical imbalances and nutritional deficiencies to enable the client to understand their condition, assessment and treatment plan, recommending laboratory tests (hair, urine or stool), which give indications of mineral toxicity, the functioning of the liver and the digestive system, undertaking allergy testing as part of the first consultation to identify food sensitivities or reactions to antibiotics.
Recommending a personalized dietary lifestyle and nutritional supplement based on an analysis of the condition and laboratory results, making comprehensive and detailed written notes from questionnaires and/or open discussion, offering a telephone or web-based helpline service to selected clients, running a business, with responsibilities for marketing and publicity, maintaining an appointments service, invoicing clients, keeping accounts for tax and insurance purposes, and negotiating the rental of suitable premises.
Television Camera Operator
A television camera operator works with digital, electronic and film cameras in multi- and single-camera operational conditions, producing pictures for directors by combining the use of complex technology with creative visual skills.
The work is based in two settings: in a studio, where the camera operator usually follows a camera script, which gives the order of shots practiced at rehearsal and is cued by the director during recording. The skill lies in interpreting what the director wants and acting quickly and effectively to achieve it, on location, where there is likely to be more opportunity for creativity through suggesting shots to the director.
A camera operator usually works under the direction of a director or director of photography and is sometimes supported by a camera assistant (or a focus puller/clapper loader, although with the advent of digital and electronic cameras these functions are in decline). The role is an interesting mix of the creative and technical.
Typical work activities include: assembling, preparing and setting up equipment prior to filming, which can include tripods, monitors, lighting, cables and leads, and headphones, offering advice on how best to shoot a scene, explaining the visual impact created by the angle of particular shots, planning shots - when filming an expensive drama scene, such as an explosion, there is only one chance to get things right so shots need to be meticulously planned beforehand.
Practicing required positions for pre-arranged shots, studying scripts, finding solutions to technical or other practical problems, being prepared to innovate and experiment with ideas, taking instructions from the director or the director of photography, working quickly, especially as timing is such an important factor.
Taking sole responsibility in situations where there is only one camera operator involved in the filming, keeping up to date with filming methods and equipment, repairing equipment, demonstrating a good awareness of health and safety issues.
Part of the role involves interacting and maintaining good working relationships with other members of the camera crew, including: sound recorders, lighting technicians, actors.
The work is based in two settings: in a studio, where the camera operator usually follows a camera script, which gives the order of shots practiced at rehearsal and is cued by the director during recording. The skill lies in interpreting what the director wants and acting quickly and effectively to achieve it, on location, where there is likely to be more opportunity for creativity through suggesting shots to the director.
A camera operator usually works under the direction of a director or director of photography and is sometimes supported by a camera assistant (or a focus puller/clapper loader, although with the advent of digital and electronic cameras these functions are in decline). The role is an interesting mix of the creative and technical.
Typical work activities include: assembling, preparing and setting up equipment prior to filming, which can include tripods, monitors, lighting, cables and leads, and headphones, offering advice on how best to shoot a scene, explaining the visual impact created by the angle of particular shots, planning shots - when filming an expensive drama scene, such as an explosion, there is only one chance to get things right so shots need to be meticulously planned beforehand.
Practicing required positions for pre-arranged shots, studying scripts, finding solutions to technical or other practical problems, being prepared to innovate and experiment with ideas, taking instructions from the director or the director of photography, working quickly, especially as timing is such an important factor.
Taking sole responsibility in situations where there is only one camera operator involved in the filming, keeping up to date with filming methods and equipment, repairing equipment, demonstrating a good awareness of health and safety issues.
Part of the role involves interacting and maintaining good working relationships with other members of the camera crew, including: sound recorders, lighting technicians, actors.
Osteopath
Osteopaths work with their hands and use a range of techniques to treat conditions such as back pain, sciatica, migraine, sports injuries, repetitive strain injury and asthma.
Osteopathy is an established, recognized system of diagnosis and treatment. The underlying philosophy is that the body has a natural tendency to heal itself but this can be disrupted by imbalances in the musculoskeletal system.
An osteopath investigates a patient's symptoms, using many of the diagnostic procedures from conventional medicine. The patient is assessed on a mechanical, functional and postural basis. Manual methods of treatment appropriate to the individual patient are then applied.
Osteopaths aim to help to reduce the symptoms and improve the health and quality of life of the patient by: identifying imbalances within the musculoskeletal system, facilitating the body's ability to heal itself through stretching, massage, deep massage and gentle manipulation, offering added exercise and health advice.
Typical work activities include: taking detailed case histories from new patients, including general medical health, specific symptoms and other details, asking the patient to make a series of movements and assessing their general posture, checking for restrictions or tensions in joints or muscles, undertaking physical examinations of patients by using a touch system (palpation) to identify any weak or strained areas of the body.
Planning and providing treatment by working with the hands, using soft tissue techniques, gentle release techniques and other appropriate methods of treatment, working with an ultrasound machine and other treatment equipment, making lifestyle and dietary recommendations to patients, as required, maintaining accurate and up-to-date patient records, interpreting digital imagery generated by scanning techniques such as MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), ultrasound and X-rays.
Many osteopaths are self-employed. Additional tasks related to running a business include: administration, accounting, developing new areas of business, premises management, managing staff.
Osteopathy is an established, recognized system of diagnosis and treatment. The underlying philosophy is that the body has a natural tendency to heal itself but this can be disrupted by imbalances in the musculoskeletal system.
An osteopath investigates a patient's symptoms, using many of the diagnostic procedures from conventional medicine. The patient is assessed on a mechanical, functional and postural basis. Manual methods of treatment appropriate to the individual patient are then applied.
Osteopaths aim to help to reduce the symptoms and improve the health and quality of life of the patient by: identifying imbalances within the musculoskeletal system, facilitating the body's ability to heal itself through stretching, massage, deep massage and gentle manipulation, offering added exercise and health advice.
Typical work activities include: taking detailed case histories from new patients, including general medical health, specific symptoms and other details, asking the patient to make a series of movements and assessing their general posture, checking for restrictions or tensions in joints or muscles, undertaking physical examinations of patients by using a touch system (palpation) to identify any weak or strained areas of the body.
Planning and providing treatment by working with the hands, using soft tissue techniques, gentle release techniques and other appropriate methods of treatment, working with an ultrasound machine and other treatment equipment, making lifestyle and dietary recommendations to patients, as required, maintaining accurate and up-to-date patient records, interpreting digital imagery generated by scanning techniques such as MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), ultrasound and X-rays.
Many osteopaths are self-employed. Additional tasks related to running a business include: administration, accounting, developing new areas of business, premises management, managing staff.
Tour Manager
Tour managers (or tour directors) organize and accompany groups of holiday makers on package tours to a wide variety of UK and overseas locations. They play a central role in ensuring that their clients enjoy their holiday, as well as providing them with practical support throughout the trip.
Tour managers are responsible for accompanying tours from beginning to end. In some companies, before tours are publicized and booked, they are involved with planning tour schedules.
Most tour manager’s work on a self-employed basis for tour operators, ranging from international companies to small, special interest operators. This is a demanding, but varied and rewarding role.
Typical work activities include: visiting destinations and suggesting interesting travel routes or places of interest, accompanying groups travelling by coach, although on specialist tours travel may be by mini-bus, car, boat, train or plane, welcoming groups of holiday makers at their starting point, checking that all members of the group have arrived and, if not, making investigations through the company.
Checking tickets and other relevant documents, seat allocations and any special requirements, commentating, during the journey, on places of interest along the route, communicating a range of information on itineraries, destinations and culture, informing passengers of arrival and departure times at each destination on the itinerary (including ensuring that all members of the group are back on the coach before departing from each stop),promoting and selling excursions and trips to clients.
Providing information on places where the group is stopping for accommodation, meals or sightseeing, ensuring that the tour is running smoothly for individual members of the group, responding to questions and offering help with any problems that arise - these can be as simple as directing a member of the group to the nearest chemist or arranging help with luggage, but could also include tracing lost baggage etc.
Dealing with emergencies such as helping a holidaymaker who is ill or those needing to contact family members urgently, contacting places to stay or visit, ahead of arrival time, to check details and arrangements, liaising with hotels, coach companies, restaurants and other clients, occasionally making accommodation bookings on proposed dates, writing reports and maintaining records.
Tour managers are responsible for accompanying tours from beginning to end. In some companies, before tours are publicized and booked, they are involved with planning tour schedules.
Most tour manager’s work on a self-employed basis for tour operators, ranging from international companies to small, special interest operators. This is a demanding, but varied and rewarding role.
Typical work activities include: visiting destinations and suggesting interesting travel routes or places of interest, accompanying groups travelling by coach, although on specialist tours travel may be by mini-bus, car, boat, train or plane, welcoming groups of holiday makers at their starting point, checking that all members of the group have arrived and, if not, making investigations through the company.
Checking tickets and other relevant documents, seat allocations and any special requirements, commentating, during the journey, on places of interest along the route, communicating a range of information on itineraries, destinations and culture, informing passengers of arrival and departure times at each destination on the itinerary (including ensuring that all members of the group are back on the coach before departing from each stop),promoting and selling excursions and trips to clients.
Providing information on places where the group is stopping for accommodation, meals or sightseeing, ensuring that the tour is running smoothly for individual members of the group, responding to questions and offering help with any problems that arise - these can be as simple as directing a member of the group to the nearest chemist or arranging help with luggage, but could also include tracing lost baggage etc.
Dealing with emergencies such as helping a holidaymaker who is ill or those needing to contact family members urgently, contacting places to stay or visit, ahead of arrival time, to check details and arrangements, liaising with hotels, coach companies, restaurants and other clients, occasionally making accommodation bookings on proposed dates, writing reports and maintaining records.
Lighting Technician
Lighting technicians set up and operate lighting equipment under the supervision of a lighting director or lighting camera operator in television, or a gaffer or director of photography in film, high-budget television drama and commercials.
At entry level, job titles include (apprentice) lighting technician, lighting electrician or lighting assistant. In film, more experienced technicians can specialize as a moving light operator, practical light operator, gene operator, console operator, or take a supervisory post as 'best boy'.
The lighting team's work is crucial to any performance or program. Lighting creates the right atmosphere to evoke an audience's response and demands high-level technical and creative skills.
Depending on the production you are working on and your particular experience, you may be involved in all or some of the activities outlined below: liaising with the director and/or other staff to interpret their creative vision into the lighting design, managing the lighting budget, advising on the purchase/hire of suitable equipment, visiting and assessing locations for technical purposes, conducting risk assessments for health and safety purposes, establishing lighting requirements, plotting the lighting.
A lighting director plans all aspects of lighting a production. Typical work activities include: deciding on the equipment required and crew;, instructing and overseeing the work of lighting technicians, liaising closely with the director and set designer, making decisions about the camera angles, positions and equipment required for scenes, which are then shot by the camera operator.
A significant knowledge of the program concept is required, as well as an understanding of the on-screen effect that the director intends. When making a television drama or documentary on location, you may find that the function of lighting director is fulfilled by a lighting camera operator, which is also the common term used in the film industry.
This role demands a mixture of technical and creative experience. Most lighting directors have progressed from working behind a camera or as an electrician, to working as a lighting technician/assistant and then on to lighting director.
At entry level, job titles include (apprentice) lighting technician, lighting electrician or lighting assistant. In film, more experienced technicians can specialize as a moving light operator, practical light operator, gene operator, console operator, or take a supervisory post as 'best boy'.
The lighting team's work is crucial to any performance or program. Lighting creates the right atmosphere to evoke an audience's response and demands high-level technical and creative skills.
Depending on the production you are working on and your particular experience, you may be involved in all or some of the activities outlined below: liaising with the director and/or other staff to interpret their creative vision into the lighting design, managing the lighting budget, advising on the purchase/hire of suitable equipment, visiting and assessing locations for technical purposes, conducting risk assessments for health and safety purposes, establishing lighting requirements, plotting the lighting.
A lighting director plans all aspects of lighting a production. Typical work activities include: deciding on the equipment required and crew;, instructing and overseeing the work of lighting technicians, liaising closely with the director and set designer, making decisions about the camera angles, positions and equipment required for scenes, which are then shot by the camera operator.
A significant knowledge of the program concept is required, as well as an understanding of the on-screen effect that the director intends. When making a television drama or documentary on location, you may find that the function of lighting director is fulfilled by a lighting camera operator, which is also the common term used in the film industry.
This role demands a mixture of technical and creative experience. Most lighting directors have progressed from working behind a camera or as an electrician, to working as a lighting technician/assistant and then on to lighting director.
Film/Video Editor
A film or video editor is responsible for assembling the final product as a sequence consisting of shots from the raw camera footage, dialogue, sound effects and graphics. This is a key role in the post-production process and the editor's skill determines the quality and delivery of the final product. Digital technology is increasingly the key medium for editing. Based in the post-production editing suite, the editor works closely with the director to meet his or her requirements.
The majority of film/video editors are employed on a freelance basis, working on short-term contracts for post-production studios, television companies and corporate employers. Digital technology, specialist computer software and high-quality digitization of sound and pictures have effectively replaced the traditional manual method of cutting film.
Depending on the product, an editor may or may not be overseen by the director and may be very involved in creating the narrative, structure, and tone of the program. In some cases - mainly involving fiction films - the editor may be there merely to operate the machine, while in other situations, they may have creative freedom.
The process of work for an editor involves: receiving a brief, and maybe an outline of footage and/or a shot list, script, or screenplay, assembling all raw footage, with camera shots either recorded or transferred onto video tape in preparation for inputting into the computer, inputting uncut rushes and sound, and synchronizing and storing them into files on the computer,re-ordering and tweaking the content to ensure the logical sequencing and smooth running of the film/video.
Additional work activities may include: overseeing the quality and progress of audio and vision engineering and editing, consulting with the director, producer and/or client throughout the post-production process,familiarising oneself with the style of specific directors, experimenting with styles and techniques including the design of graphic elements, selecting the most effective shot of a scene in terms of drama, story relevance or continuity, writing voiceover/commentary, suggesting or selecting music, if freelancing: negotiating rates of pay and conditions, managing business affairs, and/or liaising with an agent.
The final stage of the process requires the skills of the online editor, who is often employed in a specialist post-production facility. Responsible for delivering the final product to the required specifications, the online editor's role is focused on technical aspects such as correcting faulty footage, grading/coloring, and adding special effects to finish the film or program. In lower budget productions one editor may perform both the offline and online editing.
The majority of film/video editors are employed on a freelance basis, working on short-term contracts for post-production studios, television companies and corporate employers. Digital technology, specialist computer software and high-quality digitization of sound and pictures have effectively replaced the traditional manual method of cutting film.
Depending on the product, an editor may or may not be overseen by the director and may be very involved in creating the narrative, structure, and tone of the program. In some cases - mainly involving fiction films - the editor may be there merely to operate the machine, while in other situations, they may have creative freedom.
The process of work for an editor involves: receiving a brief, and maybe an outline of footage and/or a shot list, script, or screenplay, assembling all raw footage, with camera shots either recorded or transferred onto video tape in preparation for inputting into the computer, inputting uncut rushes and sound, and synchronizing and storing them into files on the computer,re-ordering and tweaking the content to ensure the logical sequencing and smooth running of the film/video.
Additional work activities may include: overseeing the quality and progress of audio and vision engineering and editing, consulting with the director, producer and/or client throughout the post-production process,familiarising oneself with the style of specific directors, experimenting with styles and techniques including the design of graphic elements, selecting the most effective shot of a scene in terms of drama, story relevance or continuity, writing voiceover/commentary, suggesting or selecting music, if freelancing: negotiating rates of pay and conditions, managing business affairs, and/or liaising with an agent.
The final stage of the process requires the skills of the online editor, who is often employed in a specialist post-production facility. Responsible for delivering the final product to the required specifications, the online editor's role is focused on technical aspects such as correcting faulty footage, grading/coloring, and adding special effects to finish the film or program. In lower budget productions one editor may perform both the offline and online editing.
Tourist Information Centre Manager
Tourist information centers (TICs) provide information and advice to the general public about visitor attractions, amenities, events, accommodation, transport and other facilities in the local area and nationwide. Managers are responsible for the recruitment and training of staff, the purchasing of items for sale, such as books, postcards, gifts and souvenirs, and the smooth running of their centre.
To be successful, TIC managers must have the ability to forward plan and predict what the public want. This can be a dynamic and rewarding area of work but it may also be very demanding and involve long hours for relatively low pay. All tourist information centre (TIC) managers are responsible for the day-to-day running of their centre, and the amount and type of work involved will very much depend upon the size and location of the centre and its position within the local authority structure.
However, it is possible to generalise, and typical tasks will probably include some or all of the following: ensuring that the centre is well presented, organized, easy to use and accessible, communicating information to members of the public, dealing with enquiries in person and by post, email and phone, operating accommodation and other booking services and selling tickets for travel and local events.
Gathering information about and working with local businesses and visitor attractions, keeping up to date with any changes in tourist activities and events,publicising the centre's services and assisting with the marketing of other local amenities.
Recruiting, training, managing, appraising and motivating staff, coordinating the workload of others and working as part of a team,ICT work – including managing destination management systems, website development, e-commerce and online booking, preparing reports, organizing rotes and attending meetings, identifying, implementing and monitoring commercial opportunities and additional services to raise revenue.
Controlling and monitoring the TIC budget to ensure the centre achieves its objectives in the most cost-effective way, implementing health and safety regulations and monitoring work practices, ensuring that the centre is run in accordance with policies and guidelines, providing support for the marketing and tourism development service by supplying and interpreting TIC data, as well as working closely with the local council leisure and tourism department.
To be successful, TIC managers must have the ability to forward plan and predict what the public want. This can be a dynamic and rewarding area of work but it may also be very demanding and involve long hours for relatively low pay. All tourist information centre (TIC) managers are responsible for the day-to-day running of their centre, and the amount and type of work involved will very much depend upon the size and location of the centre and its position within the local authority structure.
However, it is possible to generalise, and typical tasks will probably include some or all of the following: ensuring that the centre is well presented, organized, easy to use and accessible, communicating information to members of the public, dealing with enquiries in person and by post, email and phone, operating accommodation and other booking services and selling tickets for travel and local events.
Gathering information about and working with local businesses and visitor attractions, keeping up to date with any changes in tourist activities and events,publicising the centre's services and assisting with the marketing of other local amenities.
Recruiting, training, managing, appraising and motivating staff, coordinating the workload of others and working as part of a team,ICT work – including managing destination management systems, website development, e-commerce and online booking, preparing reports, organizing rotes and attending meetings, identifying, implementing and monitoring commercial opportunities and additional services to raise revenue.
Controlling and monitoring the TIC budget to ensure the centre achieves its objectives in the most cost-effective way, implementing health and safety regulations and monitoring work practices, ensuring that the centre is run in accordance with policies and guidelines, providing support for the marketing and tourism development service by supplying and interpreting TIC data, as well as working closely with the local council leisure and tourism department.
Doctor, Hospital
Hospital doctors apply medical knowledge and skills to the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of illnesses. They may themselves treat the patients or they may refer them to a general practitioner (GP) or a different member of the health care professional team. Hospital doctors work in hospital wards and out-patient clinics in both the public and private sectors.
Working collaboratively with a wide range of other professionals, including nurses, radiologists, etc. across the health care sector. Most hospital doctors work in one of around 60 specialties, of which the most common are: anesthetics, cardiology, general medicine, general surgery, orthopedics, ophthalmology, pediatrics, pathology, psychiatry.
Typical activities are many and varied. Specific tasks depend on the specialty; a surgeon's daily tasks are significantly different from those of a doctor working in accident and emergency (A&E) or a general physician. However, the following responsibilities are likely to be carried out, regardless of the doctor's specialty, on a daily or weekly basis: monitoring and providing general care to patients on hospital wards and in outpatient clinics.
Admitting patients requiring special care, investigations and treatment, examining and talking to patients to diagnose their medical conditions, providing specific treatments, e.g. performing operations and inserting cardiac pacemakers, making notes, both as a record of treatment and for referral back to GPs in the community.
liaising with other medical and non-medical staff in the hospital to ensure quality treatment, working with other doctors as part of a team, both in the same department, and within other specialties, promoting health education, increasingly, undertaking managerial responsibilities such as planning the workload and staffing of the department, teaching and research.
Working collaboratively with a wide range of other professionals, including nurses, radiologists, etc. across the health care sector. Most hospital doctors work in one of around 60 specialties, of which the most common are: anesthetics, cardiology, general medicine, general surgery, orthopedics, ophthalmology, pediatrics, pathology, psychiatry.
Typical activities are many and varied. Specific tasks depend on the specialty; a surgeon's daily tasks are significantly different from those of a doctor working in accident and emergency (A&E) or a general physician. However, the following responsibilities are likely to be carried out, regardless of the doctor's specialty, on a daily or weekly basis: monitoring and providing general care to patients on hospital wards and in outpatient clinics.
Admitting patients requiring special care, investigations and treatment, examining and talking to patients to diagnose their medical conditions, providing specific treatments, e.g. performing operations and inserting cardiac pacemakers, making notes, both as a record of treatment and for referral back to GPs in the community.
liaising with other medical and non-medical staff in the hospital to ensure quality treatment, working with other doctors as part of a team, both in the same department, and within other specialties, promoting health education, increasingly, undertaking managerial responsibilities such as planning the workload and staffing of the department, teaching and research.
Clinical Psychologist
Clinical psychologists aim to reduce psychological distress and enhance and promote psychological wellbeing. They often work in health and social care settings, as part of a multidisciplinary team. They use the methods and findings of psychology and psychological theories with clients to enable them to make positive changes in their lives.
Clinical psychologists work with people of all ages who experience mental or physical health problems. These may include: anxiety and depression, serious and enduring mental illness, adjustment to physical illness, neurological disorders, addictive behaviors, eating disorders, behavior disorders, personal and family relationship problems, learning disabilities.
Most clinical psychologists work with a particular client group, or in a particular setting, e.g. adult mental health, forensic services, child and family, learning disabilities or older adults. Typical work activities include: assessing a client's needs, abilities or behavior using a variety of methods, including psychometric tests, interviews and direct observation of behavior.
Working as part of a multidisciplinary team alongside doctors, nurses, social workers, education professionals, health visitors, school health nurses, occupational therapists and physiotherapists, devising and monitoring appropriate programmers of treatment, including therapy, counseling or advice, in collaboration with colleagues, offering therapy for difficulties relating to anxiety.
Depression, addictions, social and interpersonal problems, challenging behavior and, increasingly, a range of more difficult problems, rehabilitating long-stay patients into the community, developing and evaluating service provision, providing consultation to other professions, encouraging a psychological approach in their work.
Developing and supervising high-quality assessment and therapeutic work by colleagues in multidisciplinary teams,counselling and supporting carers,carrying out applied research, adding to the evidence base of practice in a variety of health care settings, More experienced clinical psychologists are often called on to write legal reports and act as expert witnesses.
Clinical psychologists work with people of all ages who experience mental or physical health problems. These may include: anxiety and depression, serious and enduring mental illness, adjustment to physical illness, neurological disorders, addictive behaviors, eating disorders, behavior disorders, personal and family relationship problems, learning disabilities.
Most clinical psychologists work with a particular client group, or in a particular setting, e.g. adult mental health, forensic services, child and family, learning disabilities or older adults. Typical work activities include: assessing a client's needs, abilities or behavior using a variety of methods, including psychometric tests, interviews and direct observation of behavior.
Working as part of a multidisciplinary team alongside doctors, nurses, social workers, education professionals, health visitors, school health nurses, occupational therapists and physiotherapists, devising and monitoring appropriate programmers of treatment, including therapy, counseling or advice, in collaboration with colleagues, offering therapy for difficulties relating to anxiety.
Depression, addictions, social and interpersonal problems, challenging behavior and, increasingly, a range of more difficult problems, rehabilitating long-stay patients into the community, developing and evaluating service provision, providing consultation to other professions, encouraging a psychological approach in their work.
Developing and supervising high-quality assessment and therapeutic work by colleagues in multidisciplinary teams,counselling and supporting carers,carrying out applied research, adding to the evidence base of practice in a variety of health care settings, More experienced clinical psychologists are often called on to write legal reports and act as expert witnesses.
Immigration Officer
Immigration officers working in passport control are responsible for checking the right of entry to the UK of all individuals arriving at seaports, airports and via the Channel Tunnel. As well as examining documentation, they may gather intelligence, do case work and, where necessary, use legal powers to detain or remove illegal entrants to the United Kingdom.
Immigration officers work for the UK Border Agency, a department of the Home Office, which aims to provide high-quality and non-discriminatory entry controls in accordance with: immigration law, service standards, the international obligations and the changing needs of the economy.
Typical work activities include: examining passports and recognizing forged documentation - this requires excellent observational skills and an understanding of forgery techniques, working through interpreters where necessary, applying immigration legislation, rules and policy, communicating with various agencies, including intelligence units, the police, benefits agencies, etc.
Helping to organize surveillance, carrying out intelligence-based activities and using knowledge of national and international intelligence, undertaking, with police assistance, immigration visits to identify people with no authority to remain in the UK.
Deciding on the entry rights of individuals and, where applicable, refusing entry, deciding on whether individuals who have been refused entry may be placed in temporary accommodation in the UK, and making appropriate arrangements.
Including liaising with and working alongside housing authorities, making arrangements for the removal of those who have entered or attempted to enter the UK in breach of immigration law, writing and presenting case study reports and statistics.
Immigration officers work for the UK Border Agency, a department of the Home Office, which aims to provide high-quality and non-discriminatory entry controls in accordance with: immigration law, service standards, the international obligations and the changing needs of the economy.
Typical work activities include: examining passports and recognizing forged documentation - this requires excellent observational skills and an understanding of forgery techniques, working through interpreters where necessary, applying immigration legislation, rules and policy, communicating with various agencies, including intelligence units, the police, benefits agencies, etc.
Helping to organize surveillance, carrying out intelligence-based activities and using knowledge of national and international intelligence, undertaking, with police assistance, immigration visits to identify people with no authority to remain in the UK.
Deciding on the entry rights of individuals and, where applicable, refusing entry, deciding on whether individuals who have been refused entry may be placed in temporary accommodation in the UK, and making appropriate arrangements.
Including liaising with and working alongside housing authorities, making arrangements for the removal of those who have entered or attempted to enter the UK in breach of immigration law, writing and presenting case study reports and statistics.
Music Therapist
Music therapists use music creatively to help their clients address social, emotional or physical problems. They work with a variety of clients of all ages and social backgrounds and in a variety of settings. Music therapists seek to establish an interaction - a shared musical experience - in the pursuit of therapeutic goals.
These goals are determined by the therapist's understanding of the client's pathology and personal needs. Music therapists support clients with a wide range of problems, which may include eating disorders, anxiety, behavioral problems, stress management, and dealing with the effects of abuse. Music therapy is based on the development of a relationship between the therapist and client, who communicate through music-making, either in groups or on a one-to-one basis.
Typical work activities include: agreeing objectives of the therapy with the client at the outset of the relationship, recording therapy sessions, with the consent of the client(s), reviewing and assessing therapy sessions afterwards to monitor effectiveness and to aid the planning of subsequent sessions, taking an active role in sessions by playing, singing and listening.
Encouraging clients to take part in the session, and supporting them by responding musically, encouraging clients to use musical instruments, such as percussion and voice, to express themselves, helping clients explore the world of sound and to create a musical language of their own, improvising with music as a reaction to what the client is communicating.
Facilitating positive changes in the behavior and wellbeing of the client, encouraging non-verbal communication. Additional work activities include: planning and reviewing each session, assessing the musical and non-musical behaviors of the client, writing up case notes and reports.
Music therapists working in a clinical setting may spend a high percentage of their day liaising with medical colleagues and other professionals engaged in the care of their clients. In other settings, for example when clients have referred themselves or their children, therapists may take a less formal approach to reporting back the client's progress.
These goals are determined by the therapist's understanding of the client's pathology and personal needs. Music therapists support clients with a wide range of problems, which may include eating disorders, anxiety, behavioral problems, stress management, and dealing with the effects of abuse. Music therapy is based on the development of a relationship between the therapist and client, who communicate through music-making, either in groups or on a one-to-one basis.
Typical work activities include: agreeing objectives of the therapy with the client at the outset of the relationship, recording therapy sessions, with the consent of the client(s), reviewing and assessing therapy sessions afterwards to monitor effectiveness and to aid the planning of subsequent sessions, taking an active role in sessions by playing, singing and listening.
Encouraging clients to take part in the session, and supporting them by responding musically, encouraging clients to use musical instruments, such as percussion and voice, to express themselves, helping clients explore the world of sound and to create a musical language of their own, improvising with music as a reaction to what the client is communicating.
Facilitating positive changes in the behavior and wellbeing of the client, encouraging non-verbal communication. Additional work activities include: planning and reviewing each session, assessing the musical and non-musical behaviors of the client, writing up case notes and reports.
Music therapists working in a clinical setting may spend a high percentage of their day liaising with medical colleagues and other professionals engaged in the care of their clients. In other settings, for example when clients have referred themselves or their children, therapists may take a less formal approach to reporting back the client's progress.
Structural Engineer
Structural engineers design structures that will withstand the pressures they have to endure. These range from houses, theatres, sports stadia, hospitals and office blocks to bridges, oil rigs and space satellites.
They develop initial designs, using mathematics to calculate the stress that could arise at each point in the structure, and simulate and model possible situations, such as high winds and earth movements. When construction has begun, they are often involved in inspecting the work and advising contractors.
Structural engineers often work in partnership with architects. They also examine buildings, bridges and other structures to discover whether or not they are structurally sound.
Structural engineers ensure that structures serve their function without collapsing, bending, twisting or vibrating in undesirable ways. Their aim is to make efficient use of funds and materials to achieve these structural goals.
Much of the role is office-based and engineers use computers to simulate a range of solutions for the structure that is being designed. The work also involves examining existing structures and modifying buildings whose usage is being changed to ensure they are safe to fulfill their intended purpose.
Typical work activities include: analyzing suitable configurations of the basic structural components of a building or other structure, communicating the design of a structure through drawings, specifications and computer models so that others can construct it, applying expert knowledge of the forces that act on various structures, using computer-aided design (CAD) technology for simulation purposes.
They develop initial designs, using mathematics to calculate the stress that could arise at each point in the structure, and simulate and model possible situations, such as high winds and earth movements. When construction has begun, they are often involved in inspecting the work and advising contractors.
Structural engineers often work in partnership with architects. They also examine buildings, bridges and other structures to discover whether or not they are structurally sound.
Structural engineers ensure that structures serve their function without collapsing, bending, twisting or vibrating in undesirable ways. Their aim is to make efficient use of funds and materials to achieve these structural goals.
Much of the role is office-based and engineers use computers to simulate a range of solutions for the structure that is being designed. The work also involves examining existing structures and modifying buildings whose usage is being changed to ensure they are safe to fulfill their intended purpose.
Typical work activities include: analyzing suitable configurations of the basic structural components of a building or other structure, communicating the design of a structure through drawings, specifications and computer models so that others can construct it, applying expert knowledge of the forces that act on various structures, using computer-aided design (CAD) technology for simulation purposes.
Legal Executive
Legal executives are qualified lawyers, specializing in particular areas of law, with at least five years' experience working under the supervision of a solicitor, either in legal practice or in the legal department of a private company or local or national government.
They have their own client files and, as fee-earners in private practice, their work is charged directly to the client. This is an important difference between legal executives and other legal support staff.
The most common specialism areas are: convincing, civil and criminal litigation, family law, probate. Only Fellows of The Institute of Legal Executives are permitted to call themselves legal. Duties vary considerably according to specialism and managerial responsibilities.
The typical work activities are likely to involve: attending client meetings, interviewing and advising clients and witnesses, explaining complex legal matters to clients, corresponding with, and on behalf of, clients, negotiating on behalf of clients,analysing, researching and summarizing legal information, collecting information for the preparation of legal documents.
Preparing documentation for the convincing of property and matrimonial, probate and litigation work, drawing up wills and drafting contracts, issuing writs and tasking summonses, advising and preparing documentation on the legal aspects of setting up a new business, calculating inheritance tax, working out the sums and explaining the terms of wills to beneficiaries.
Conducting advocacy in County and Magistrates' Courts, acting as commissioners of oaths for the swearing of legal documents, attending court to assist barristers and solicitors with the presentation of cases, preparing accounts on behalf of a legal practice, keeping up to date with changing legislation, filing and indexing paperwork, assigning and supervising the work of junior staff.
They have their own client files and, as fee-earners in private practice, their work is charged directly to the client. This is an important difference between legal executives and other legal support staff.
The most common specialism areas are: convincing, civil and criminal litigation, family law, probate. Only Fellows of The Institute of Legal Executives are permitted to call themselves legal. Duties vary considerably according to specialism and managerial responsibilities.
The typical work activities are likely to involve: attending client meetings, interviewing and advising clients and witnesses, explaining complex legal matters to clients, corresponding with, and on behalf of, clients, negotiating on behalf of clients,analysing, researching and summarizing legal information, collecting information for the preparation of legal documents.
Preparing documentation for the convincing of property and matrimonial, probate and litigation work, drawing up wills and drafting contracts, issuing writs and tasking summonses, advising and preparing documentation on the legal aspects of setting up a new business, calculating inheritance tax, working out the sums and explaining the terms of wills to beneficiaries.
Conducting advocacy in County and Magistrates' Courts, acting as commissioners of oaths for the swearing of legal documents, attending court to assist barristers and solicitors with the presentation of cases, preparing accounts on behalf of a legal practice, keeping up to date with changing legislation, filing and indexing paperwork, assigning and supervising the work of junior staff.
Building Control Surveyor
A building control surveyor ensures that building control regulations on safety, health, energy conservation and disability access are observed in the planning and construction stages of new buildings and most property extensions and conversions. On complex projects, building control surveyors may be involved at the pre-application stage, to offer advice on design and safety issues.
Building control surveyors use their professional skill and judgment to offer advice on acceptable solutions to meet the statutory requirements of regulations. After the work has started, they make site visits at various stages to ensure that the construction is being properly carried out.
Building control surveyors advise and make judgments on building proposals. Applications are normally paper-based forms but they may also be submitted via email. Once received, surveyors check the applicant's plans to ensure that they comply with building regulations.
During the various stages of the construction process, building control surveyors conduct site inspections to check that work is being carried out satisfactorily. The applicant or the applicant's builder will inform or consult the surveyor at various stages of construction.
The work also involves: communicating with statutory bodies, e.g. highways authorities, calculating the fee to be charged to the client, keeping up to date with current regulations, providing a completion certificate when the building work is satisfactorily completed, prosecuting builders if non-compliance has occurred, although this is a last resort.
On more complex projects, the building control surveyor may be involved at the pre-application stage to advice applicants on design issues and suggest alternatives that may help to reduce the risk of delays and save costs. Building control surveyors in local government may also be involved in approving demolitions and carrying out surveys of potentially dangerous buildings.
Building control surveyors use their professional skill and judgment to offer advice on acceptable solutions to meet the statutory requirements of regulations. After the work has started, they make site visits at various stages to ensure that the construction is being properly carried out.
Building control surveyors advise and make judgments on building proposals. Applications are normally paper-based forms but they may also be submitted via email. Once received, surveyors check the applicant's plans to ensure that they comply with building regulations.
During the various stages of the construction process, building control surveyors conduct site inspections to check that work is being carried out satisfactorily. The applicant or the applicant's builder will inform or consult the surveyor at various stages of construction.
The work also involves: communicating with statutory bodies, e.g. highways authorities, calculating the fee to be charged to the client, keeping up to date with current regulations, providing a completion certificate when the building work is satisfactorily completed, prosecuting builders if non-compliance has occurred, although this is a last resort.
On more complex projects, the building control surveyor may be involved at the pre-application stage to advice applicants on design issues and suggest alternatives that may help to reduce the risk of delays and save costs. Building control surveyors in local government may also be involved in approving demolitions and carrying out surveys of potentially dangerous buildings.
Architectural Technologist
Architectural technologists provide architectural design services and solutions and are specialists in the science of architecture, building design and construction. They typically work in building design and construction management teams, working closely with architects.
They form the link between the architect's concept and the completed construction, bridging the gap between the idea of an attractive functional building and the reality of that building performing successfully.
They ensure that the right materials are used and that the building meets building regulations and other legal requirements. They also monitor quality assurance, costs and deadlines throughout the construction project.
Chartered architectural technologists negotiate the construction project and manage the process from conception through to completion. The balance of different activities varies according to the type of project and the size of the organization.
The typical work activities may include: meeting with other professionals and clients at an early stage to agree on the project brief, preparing and presenting design proposals using computer-aided design (CAD) and traditional drawing methods, leading the detailed design process and coordinating design information.
Advising clients on procuring the best and most appropriate contracts for the work they are undertaking, producing, administering contracts and project certifications, evaluating and advising on refurbishment, re-use, recycling and deconstruction. Architectural technologists' work is not only restricted to new build but also includes refurbishment, alteration and other construction projects.
They form the link between the architect's concept and the completed construction, bridging the gap between the idea of an attractive functional building and the reality of that building performing successfully.
They ensure that the right materials are used and that the building meets building regulations and other legal requirements. They also monitor quality assurance, costs and deadlines throughout the construction project.
Chartered architectural technologists negotiate the construction project and manage the process from conception through to completion. The balance of different activities varies according to the type of project and the size of the organization.
The typical work activities may include: meeting with other professionals and clients at an early stage to agree on the project brief, preparing and presenting design proposals using computer-aided design (CAD) and traditional drawing methods, leading the detailed design process and coordinating design information.
Advising clients on procuring the best and most appropriate contracts for the work they are undertaking, producing, administering contracts and project certifications, evaluating and advising on refurbishment, re-use, recycling and deconstruction. Architectural technologists' work is not only restricted to new build but also includes refurbishment, alteration and other construction projects.
Educational Administrator
Education administrators organize and manage the administration, support systems and activities that facilitate the effective running of an education institution.
The majority is based in higher or further education, and opportunities are increasing in schools and private colleges. Administrators work in general areas such as admissions, quality assurance and examinations or in a specialist role such as finance, careers or human resources.
All of these can be either centrally based or within faculties, departments or other smaller units. There are a huge number of possible job titles within education administration and job descriptions are equally diverse.
The range of administrative roles in the education sector is enormous and responsibilities can vary greatly depending on the type of institution and the section or department where you work. The responsibilities listed below give a flavor of some typical tasks in various roles, but in education administration it is unlikely that any two jobs will be exactly the same.
Tasks may include: servicing committees including academic boards, governing bodies and task groups, assisting with recruitment, public relations and marketing activities, administering the 'student lifecycle' from registration or admission to graduation or leaving, providing administrative support to an academic team of lecturers, tutors or teachers.
Drafting and interpreting regulations and dealing with queries and complaints procedures, maintaining high levels of quality assurance, including course evaluation and course approval procedures, using information systems and preparing reports and statistics for internal and external use, organizing and facilitating a variety of educational or social activities.
The majority is based in higher or further education, and opportunities are increasing in schools and private colleges. Administrators work in general areas such as admissions, quality assurance and examinations or in a specialist role such as finance, careers or human resources.
All of these can be either centrally based or within faculties, departments or other smaller units. There are a huge number of possible job titles within education administration and job descriptions are equally diverse.
The range of administrative roles in the education sector is enormous and responsibilities can vary greatly depending on the type of institution and the section or department where you work. The responsibilities listed below give a flavor of some typical tasks in various roles, but in education administration it is unlikely that any two jobs will be exactly the same.
Tasks may include: servicing committees including academic boards, governing bodies and task groups, assisting with recruitment, public relations and marketing activities, administering the 'student lifecycle' from registration or admission to graduation or leaving, providing administrative support to an academic team of lecturers, tutors or teachers.
Drafting and interpreting regulations and dealing with queries and complaints procedures, maintaining high levels of quality assurance, including course evaluation and course approval procedures, using information systems and preparing reports and statistics for internal and external use, organizing and facilitating a variety of educational or social activities.
Call Centre Manager
The manager of a call centre is responsible for the daily running and management of a call centre through the effective use of resources, with responsibility for meeting, and possibly setting, customer service targets and planning areas of improvement or development.
Call centre managers ensure that calls are answered by staff within predetermined time scales and are dealt with properly. Call centre managers liaise with the businesses for which the centre provides services, as well as with the third parties who supply products to the centre. They co-ordinate and motivate call centre staff and may also co-ordinate staff recruitment.
There are two main types of call centre - inbound and outbound: Inbound centers receive calls from customers and clients, e.g. queries, requests, orders and complaints, outbound centers contact potential customers and clients with the aim of gathering information or selling a product.
Typical work activities vary according to the type of centre but, generally speaking, tasks will involve: Setting and meeting performance targets for speed, efficiency, sales and quality, planning and managing change, managing the daily running of the call centre, liaising with supervisors, team leaders, operatives and third parties to gather information and resolve issues.
Maintaining an up-to-date knowledge of industry developments and involvement in or membership of networks, monitoring random calls to improve quality, minimize errors and track operative performance, planning and developing staff recruitment, including wording vacancy advertisements and liaising with HR staff, reviewing the performance of staff, identifying staff training needs and planning training sessions, recording statistics, user rates and the performance levels of the centre, and preparing reports.
Handling the most complex customer complaints or enquiries,organising staffing, including shift patterns and the number of staff required to meet demand, coaching, motivating and retaining staff and co-ordination bonus, improving performance by raising efficiency and sourcing new equipment to enable this, e.g. new dialing products.
Call centre managers ensure that calls are answered by staff within predetermined time scales and are dealt with properly. Call centre managers liaise with the businesses for which the centre provides services, as well as with the third parties who supply products to the centre. They co-ordinate and motivate call centre staff and may also co-ordinate staff recruitment.
There are two main types of call centre - inbound and outbound: Inbound centers receive calls from customers and clients, e.g. queries, requests, orders and complaints, outbound centers contact potential customers and clients with the aim of gathering information or selling a product.
Typical work activities vary according to the type of centre but, generally speaking, tasks will involve: Setting and meeting performance targets for speed, efficiency, sales and quality, planning and managing change, managing the daily running of the call centre, liaising with supervisors, team leaders, operatives and third parties to gather information and resolve issues.
Maintaining an up-to-date knowledge of industry developments and involvement in or membership of networks, monitoring random calls to improve quality, minimize errors and track operative performance, planning and developing staff recruitment, including wording vacancy advertisements and liaising with HR staff, reviewing the performance of staff, identifying staff training needs and planning training sessions, recording statistics, user rates and the performance levels of the centre, and preparing reports.
Handling the most complex customer complaints or enquiries,organising staffing, including shift patterns and the number of staff required to meet demand, coaching, motivating and retaining staff and co-ordination bonus, improving performance by raising efficiency and sourcing new equipment to enable this, e.g. new dialing products.
Primary School Teacher
Primary school teachers develop schemes of work and lesson plans in line with curriculum objectives. They facilitate learning by establishing a relationship with pupils and by their organization of learning resources and the classroom learning environment.
Primary school teachers develop and foster the appropriate skills and social abilities to enable the optimum development of children, according to age, ability and aptitude. They assess and record progress and prepare pupils for the Standard Assessment Tasks (SATs).
They link pupils' knowledge to earlier learning and develop ways to encourage it further, and challenge and inspire pupils to help them deepen their knowledge and understanding.
Primary schools in England and Wales are usually divided into two stages, known as lower primary or infants and upper primary or juniors. In England there is sometimes a middle tier, so that children go to a primary school from the age of five to eight or nine, transfer to a middle school from the age of eight or nine to 12, and then move to a secondary school. In Scotland, primary school classes are organized by age from Primary 1to Primary.
Typical activities are broadly the same for all primary school teachers and include: teaching all areas of the primary curriculum, taking responsibility for the progress of a class of primary age pupils, organizing the classroom and learning resources to create a positive learning environment, planning, preparing and presenting lessons that cater for the needs of the whole ability range within their class.
Motivating pupils with enthusiastic, imaginative presentation, maintaining discipline, preparing and marking to facilitate positive pupil development, meeting requirements for the assessment and recording of pupils' development, providing feedback to parents on a pupil's progress at parents' evenings and other meetings, coordinating activities and resources within a specific area of the curriculum, working with others to plan and coordinate work.
Primary school teachers develop and foster the appropriate skills and social abilities to enable the optimum development of children, according to age, ability and aptitude. They assess and record progress and prepare pupils for the Standard Assessment Tasks (SATs).
They link pupils' knowledge to earlier learning and develop ways to encourage it further, and challenge and inspire pupils to help them deepen their knowledge and understanding.
Primary schools in England and Wales are usually divided into two stages, known as lower primary or infants and upper primary or juniors. In England there is sometimes a middle tier, so that children go to a primary school from the age of five to eight or nine, transfer to a middle school from the age of eight or nine to 12, and then move to a secondary school. In Scotland, primary school classes are organized by age from Primary 1to Primary.
Typical activities are broadly the same for all primary school teachers and include: teaching all areas of the primary curriculum, taking responsibility for the progress of a class of primary age pupils, organizing the classroom and learning resources to create a positive learning environment, planning, preparing and presenting lessons that cater for the needs of the whole ability range within their class.
Motivating pupils with enthusiastic, imaginative presentation, maintaining discipline, preparing and marking to facilitate positive pupil development, meeting requirements for the assessment and recording of pupils' development, providing feedback to parents on a pupil's progress at parents' evenings and other meetings, coordinating activities and resources within a specific area of the curriculum, working with others to plan and coordinate work.
Fitness Centre Manager
A fitness centre manager is responsible for managing a centre for the promotion of activities related to physical fitness. The centre or club typically contains a fitness suite and changing facilities, and may include some or all of the following: swimming pool, sports halls or courts, spa, sauna or therapy area, bar, restaurant or coffee shop.
Managerial responsibilities usually include attracting new clients and retaining existing members; generating revenue; recruiting, managing and training staff; organizing and publicizing events; ensuring compliance with health and safety regulations; and overseeing maintenance of equipment and premises. The manager is also accountable for the overall profitability of the centre.
Tasks vary according to the size and facilities of the centre or club. There are also differences between local authority or educational establishments and those run on a fully commercial basis, either independently or as part of a chain.
Typical work activities usually include: designing and promoting activities to meet customer demand and generate revenue, advertising and promoting the club or centre to increase usage, which may include commissioning and considering market research, organizing, training and supervising staff.
Including drawing up staff rotes, carrying out health and safety checks on equipment and plant and arranging the cleaning of all areas, maintaining high levels of customer care and handling complaints, as necessary: customer care is paramount - a fitness centre manager needs to consider the requirements of clients from all age groups and sectors of society, including people with disabilities or who have been referred by a GP.
Delivering fitness training - some managers elect to carry out small amounts of fitness training in order to maintain active contact with customers, preparing and checking budgets and stock, managing and constantly reviewing the fitness centre timetable, completing a wide range of other administrative and managerial tasks.
Managerial responsibilities usually include attracting new clients and retaining existing members; generating revenue; recruiting, managing and training staff; organizing and publicizing events; ensuring compliance with health and safety regulations; and overseeing maintenance of equipment and premises. The manager is also accountable for the overall profitability of the centre.
Tasks vary according to the size and facilities of the centre or club. There are also differences between local authority or educational establishments and those run on a fully commercial basis, either independently or as part of a chain.
Typical work activities usually include: designing and promoting activities to meet customer demand and generate revenue, advertising and promoting the club or centre to increase usage, which may include commissioning and considering market research, organizing, training and supervising staff.
Including drawing up staff rotes, carrying out health and safety checks on equipment and plant and arranging the cleaning of all areas, maintaining high levels of customer care and handling complaints, as necessary: customer care is paramount - a fitness centre manager needs to consider the requirements of clients from all age groups and sectors of society, including people with disabilities or who have been referred by a GP.
Delivering fitness training - some managers elect to carry out small amounts of fitness training in order to maintain active contact with customers, preparing and checking budgets and stock, managing and constantly reviewing the fitness centre timetable, completing a wide range of other administrative and managerial tasks.
Career Consultant
A careers consultant provides support on all aspects of career management and development, using guidance, counseling, coaching and advisory techniques to assist clients to clarify and achieve career and work goals. Many careers consultants work within an organization, guiding and advising employees, often individually but also in groups.
A large number of careers consultants work on a freelance basis with individual fee-paying clients in a private setting. The role overlaps with that of Human resources officer and Occupational psychologist, as well as Careers adviser/personal adviser. Careers consultants should not be confused with Recruitment consultants, who look for suitable candidates to fill their clients' vacancies.
Typical activities include: conducting one-to-one consultations with clients, most commonly face-to-face, but also more frequently via telephone, Skype or email - usually in-depth initial consultations lasting about an hour and involving some form of work history analysis, with a number of similar follow-up consultations thereafter.
Supporting teams and individuals through periods of organizational change, advising on career change or development by enabling clients to assess their skills and abilities, explore options for learning and work, and create action plans to take steps to implement decisions, helping people to understand and identify their skills, abilities and interests and to make decisions based on what is suitable for their lifestyle and circumstances.
Administering and interpreting psychometric tests of aptitude, personality, interests, learning and working styles, motivation and team dynamics, and providing detailed feedback, making recommendations and discussing options based on psychometric test results and other information supplied by clients to assist them in making informed decisions suitable to their personal circumstance.
Offering counseling on issues affecting work and career, including stress management, difficulties in balancing work and home life commitments, redundancy and retirement. Consultants working for small businesses also devote some time to business administration and marketing their services to establish a client group.
A large number of careers consultants work on a freelance basis with individual fee-paying clients in a private setting. The role overlaps with that of Human resources officer and Occupational psychologist, as well as Careers adviser/personal adviser. Careers consultants should not be confused with Recruitment consultants, who look for suitable candidates to fill their clients' vacancies.
Typical activities include: conducting one-to-one consultations with clients, most commonly face-to-face, but also more frequently via telephone, Skype or email - usually in-depth initial consultations lasting about an hour and involving some form of work history analysis, with a number of similar follow-up consultations thereafter.
Supporting teams and individuals through periods of organizational change, advising on career change or development by enabling clients to assess their skills and abilities, explore options for learning and work, and create action plans to take steps to implement decisions, helping people to understand and identify their skills, abilities and interests and to make decisions based on what is suitable for their lifestyle and circumstances.
Administering and interpreting psychometric tests of aptitude, personality, interests, learning and working styles, motivation and team dynamics, and providing detailed feedback, making recommendations and discussing options based on psychometric test results and other information supplied by clients to assist them in making informed decisions suitable to their personal circumstance.
Offering counseling on issues affecting work and career, including stress management, difficulties in balancing work and home life commitments, redundancy and retirement. Consultants working for small businesses also devote some time to business administration and marketing their services to establish a client group.
Fast-food Restaurant Manager
Fast food restaurant manager is essentially a commercial business manager, with ultimate responsibility for safeguarding the financial success of a specific outlet/site and maintaining the reputation of the company. The role obviously has a strong hospitality element; ensuring that the restaurant delivers high-quality food and drink, and excellent customer service, are prime concerns.
However, it also includes activities common to business managers within any sector, including overseeing marketing, sales, operations, finance and human resources. In some organizations, management is on a relatively large scale, as some restaurants have a turnover of over1million and over 50 staff.
The concept of fast food has changed over recent years and no longer just conjures up images of burgers and pizza. Coffee houses, sandwich shops, and even sushi bars, can now be considered as fast food outlets.
The managers of all these establishments, regardless of their end product, all face similar responsibilities, including: operational management: organizing stock and equipment, ordering supplies, and overseeing building maintenance, cleanliness and security, financial management: planning and working to budgets, maximizing profits and achieving sales targets set by head office, controlling takings in the restaurant, administering payrolls, etc.
People management: recruiting new staff, training and developing existing staff, motivating and encouraging staff to help achieve targets, co-ordination staff scheduling and rotas.working to ensure standards of hygiene are maintained and that the restaurant is complying with relevant health and safety regulations, ensuring high standards of customer service are observed at all times.
Handling customer complaints and queries, devising and marketing promotional campaigns, preparing reports and other performance analysis documentation, reporting to and attending regular meetings with area managers or head office representatives, establishing relationships with the local community and undertaking activities which comply with the company's corporate social responsibility programmers.
However, it also includes activities common to business managers within any sector, including overseeing marketing, sales, operations, finance and human resources. In some organizations, management is on a relatively large scale, as some restaurants have a turnover of over1million and over 50 staff.
The concept of fast food has changed over recent years and no longer just conjures up images of burgers and pizza. Coffee houses, sandwich shops, and even sushi bars, can now be considered as fast food outlets.
The managers of all these establishments, regardless of their end product, all face similar responsibilities, including: operational management: organizing stock and equipment, ordering supplies, and overseeing building maintenance, cleanliness and security, financial management: planning and working to budgets, maximizing profits and achieving sales targets set by head office, controlling takings in the restaurant, administering payrolls, etc.
People management: recruiting new staff, training and developing existing staff, motivating and encouraging staff to help achieve targets, co-ordination staff scheduling and rotas.working to ensure standards of hygiene are maintained and that the restaurant is complying with relevant health and safety regulations, ensuring high standards of customer service are observed at all times.
Handling customer complaints and queries, devising and marketing promotional campaigns, preparing reports and other performance analysis documentation, reporting to and attending regular meetings with area managers or head office representatives, establishing relationships with the local community and undertaking activities which comply with the company's corporate social responsibility programmers.
Conference centre Manager
A conference centre manager is responsible for the day-to-day management of a conference centre and its staff, with commercial accountability for planning, organizing and directing call centre services including: reception/front of house, catering, accommodation, promotions and PR, Financial.
Managers lead the development of the business by liaising with the conference centre's operational management team (event’s organizer, front-of-house manager and catering manager) and other service providers to ensure client requirements are met and events run smoothly.
Managers must strike a balance between customer satisfaction and effective business management, which often means dealing with last-minute changes or solving problems as they arise.
The variety of tasks undertaken will vary according to the size, position and range of services offered by the employing organization: small organizations will subcontract some of the services offered, such as catering and entertainment; large conference centers will undertake the majority of the tasks themselves.
Typical work activities include: communicating daily with the management team, planning work schedules and checking client requirements, dealing with customer complaints, comments and enquiries, ensuring all events run smoothly, managing budgets and financial plans, taking responsibility for the recruitment, training, organization and monitoring of staff.
Supervising maintenance, supplies and furnishings, achieving profit targets, taking responsibility for the sales and marketing of the conference centre, including pricing, promotions, image/brand and profile, leading by example in maintaining service standards, ensuring effective security systems are in place, day-to-day troubleshooting and addressing problems as they arise.
Managers lead the development of the business by liaising with the conference centre's operational management team (event’s organizer, front-of-house manager and catering manager) and other service providers to ensure client requirements are met and events run smoothly.
Managers must strike a balance between customer satisfaction and effective business management, which often means dealing with last-minute changes or solving problems as they arise.
The variety of tasks undertaken will vary according to the size, position and range of services offered by the employing organization: small organizations will subcontract some of the services offered, such as catering and entertainment; large conference centers will undertake the majority of the tasks themselves.
Typical work activities include: communicating daily with the management team, planning work schedules and checking client requirements, dealing with customer complaints, comments and enquiries, ensuring all events run smoothly, managing budgets and financial plans, taking responsibility for the recruitment, training, organization and monitoring of staff.
Supervising maintenance, supplies and furnishings, achieving profit targets, taking responsibility for the sales and marketing of the conference centre, including pricing, promotions, image/brand and profile, leading by example in maintaining service standards, ensuring effective security systems are in place, day-to-day troubleshooting and addressing problems as they arise.
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